Download AP Biology Summer Assignment

AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT
2016-2017 SCHOOL YEAR
Future AP Biology Students,
Welcome to the 2016-2017 AP biology course! In order to ensure that you are successful in the course
this coming year, be sure to do your summer assignment. If your internet is unreliable at home,
download the necessary videos and documents so they are saved on your computer.—Janet Miller
Textbooks
Required: Campbell Biology in Focus (AP Edition), provided by school at the beginning of the school year.
Highly Recommended: 5 Steps to a 5 AP Biology 2016, by Mark Anestis & Kellie Ploeger Cox ($11.85)
Keys to Success in AP Biology:
-
MANAGE YOUR TIME: AP Biology course (and all college courses) are planned with the
expectation that you spend two hours of studying for every one hour of class. Do not try to
complete assignments or try to study for exams the night or even two nights before the due date
and expect to do well. You may have done this in the other science courses, but an AP level
science course is equivalent to a freshman year college course.
-
COMPLETE BACKGROUND READING & ASK QUESTIONS: Complete the assigned background
reading or work before class so that you can follow the lesson. You should have read up on the
information, taken your own notes, and identified topics that you may want to discuss further in
class. This will allow you to keep up on the class material.
-
LOOK UP WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW: If we are covering a topic in class and there is a term you
don’t immediately know, write it down and look it up or ask what the word means. The quickest way
to learn any material is to rapidly identify vocabulary that you do not understand and get it
clarified as soon as possible.
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RESOURCES: Use the textbook, internet resources, 5 steps to a 5, video course materials,
readings made available.
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INTERNET ACCESS: A large part of this course requires access to the internet. If you don’t
have reliable internet access at home, be sure to download the necessary information so that you
can study at home. Use the website Keepvid (www.keepvid.com) to download any assigned videos
and save them in your VIDEO folder.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
Background information you are expected to have: (consider Crash Course videos for review)
I. Atomic theory:
a. Atomic structure
II. The periodic table
a. Periodic trends
III. Bonding atoms
a. Types of bonding
b. Naming and writing formulas
c. Lewis dot structures
IV. Chemical equations and reactions
a. Balancing equations
V. Biochemistry
a. Organic Chemistry (Organic Molecules)
b. Enzymes in Reactions
c. Energy Changes in Reactions
VI. Cells
a. Cell (Prokaryotic & eukaryotic) structure and function
b. Cell Organelles, structure and function
c. Cell Transport
d. Photosynthesis
e. Cell cycle (Interphase, Mitosis)
VII. Genetics
a. Mendel and Punnett squares
b. Pedigrees
c. Meiosis
d. DNA and RNA
i. Replication
ii. Transcription
iii. Translation
VIII. Evolution
a. Evidence for Evolution
b. Natural Selection
IX. Ecology
a. Food chains and webs
b. Energy and biomass pyramids
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
Summer Assignment #1 (submit to [email protected])
Watch and write a summary of the first eight Crash Course videos in their biology series:
DUE BY JULY 18TH : Summaries on Crash Course Videos #1, #2, #3, #4
1. That’s why carbon is a tramp: Crash Course Biology #1
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnQe0xW_JY4&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
2. Water, Liquid Awesome: Crash Course Biology #2
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVT3Y3_gHGg&index=2&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
3. Biological Molecules--You are what you eat: Crash Course Biology #3
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=3
4. Eukaryopolis--The city of animal cells: Crash Course Biology #4
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cj8dDTHGJBY&index=4&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
DUE AUGUST 20TH: Summaries on Crash Course Videos #5, #6, #7, #8
5. In Da Club, Membranes and Transport: Crash Course #5
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4&index=5&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
6. Plant Cells: Crash Course #6
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UvlqAVCoqY&index=6&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
7. ATP & respiration: Crash Course #7
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF&index=7)
8. Photosynthesis: Crash Course #8
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQK3Yr4Sc_k&index=8&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF)
Complete the following summary for each of the eight courses. Note the due date and send them to me
via email at: [email protected] by the due date. Feel free to contact me with questions.
Crash Course Summary Format
Name:
Date:
Crash Course Title:
I. Theme (i.e. main topic of video)?
II. Four Key Points
A.
B.
C.
D.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
III.
Complete paragraph (min. 5-7 sentences) showing how the four points relate to theme.
IV.
V.
Main new idea you learned from this course.
A confusion or one thing you don’t understand.
Example of a Crash Course Video Summary
Name: Mary Sue Sample Student
Date: 6/1/2016
Crash Course Title: The Immune System: Natural Born Killers
I.
Theme: The theme of this video was the immune system that how it protects us from all the microscopic things
that are attacking our bodies every day.
II.
Four Key Points
A.
There are two immune systems: Innate (nonspecific), and Acquired. Innate is responsible for the general
inflammatory response and acquired is responsible for specific antibody response.
B.
There are specialized cells in each of these systems. [Innate immune system: skin, mucus, mast cells,
leukocytes, phagocytes, neutrophils, macrophages (e.g., Natural killer cells) and dendritic cells. Acquired
immune system: lymphocytes (T cells, B cells—specialized) antibodies,
C.
Acquired immune systems stores information about pathogens include: antibodies, lymphocytes (T cells, and B
D.
cells).
Two types of acquired responses: 1) cell mediated response (cells infected) uses helper T-cells, killer
(cytotoxic) T- cells, memory T-cells. 2) humoral response (pathogens in blood and lymph, not in cells) uses Bcells which make antibodies.
III.
The job of the immune system is to protect our bodies from the viruses and bacteria that are outside trying to eat
us. There are two different immune responses: innate vs acquired. Each type has its own specialized cells and
processes that it uses. While all animals have an innate immune system, only vertebrates have an acquired immune
system. The innate system doesn’t identify what the pathogen is—it just attacks it causing inflammation. The
acquired immune system learns to identify what is foreign and uses antibodies to rapidly ‘tag’ pathogens so that the
phagocytes and other immune cells can quickly identify and destroy intruders. Sometimes the immune system
IV.
identifies something that is not dangerous as a pathogen and this causes an allergic reaction.
The main idea I learned is that we are constantly being attacked by pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) and
that our immune system has lots of different ways it works to identify and kill things that are dangerous.
V.
I still don’t understand the difference between the T-cells and the B-cells.
Summer Assignment #2 Due August 29th (Hand in first day of classes)
Review Questions
Directions - Answer the following questions in as much detail as possible. These questions
represent the bulk of the summer assignment and will be collected on the first day of class.
These questions are meant to enable you to review/ prepare for the exam on the first day of
class.
1. How do we differentiate between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? Give an example of each.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
2. How do we differentiate between Animal cells and Plant cells?
3. Describe the processes of Transcription and Translation. Include the roles of all 3 RNA molecules
(mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). (Protein Synthesis)
4. In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed
woman and they have three children, two of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-eyed.
Draw the Punnett square that illustrates this marriage. What is the man’s genotype? What are
the genotypes of the children?
5. A tall green pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a short yellow
pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. Show a Punnett square that illustrates the
possible offspring for this cross.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
6. Describe what happens during each phase of Mitosis.
7. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis.
8. Write the balanced chemical equations for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.
9. Summarize in words what the products and reactants are for Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
10. How does a eukaryotic cell fuel itself? What process is involved? What molecules are used?
11. For an organism with a diploid number of 6, how are the chromosomes arranged
during metaphase I of meiosis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
B
C
D
12. Which sketch shows the arrangement of chromosomes that you would expect to
see in metaphase of mitosis for a cell with a diploid chromosome number of 6?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
B
C
D
13. Explain the difference between relative and absolute fossil dating.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
14. Fossils of lobe-finned fishes, which are ancestors of amphibians, are found in rocks that are at least
380 million years old.
Fossils of the oldest amphibian-like vertebrate animals with true legs and lungs are found in rocks
that are approximately 363 million years old.
Three samples of rocks are available that might contain fossils of a transitional species between
lobe-finned fishes and amphibians: one rock sample that is 350 million years old, one that is 370
million years old, and one that is 390 million years old.
(a) Select the most appropriate sample of rocks in which to search for a transitional species
between lobe-finned fishes and amphibians. Justify your selection.
(b) Describe TWO pieces of evidence provided by fossils of a transitional species that would
support a hypothesis that amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes.
15. Matter continuously cycles through an ecosystem. A simplified carbon cycle is depicted below.
(a) Identify the key metabolic process for step I and the key metabolic process for
step II, and briefly explain how each process promotes movement of carbon
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
through the cycle. For each process, your explanation should focus on the role of
energy in the movement of carbon.
(b) Identify an organism that carries out both processes.
16. How do enzymes help substrates to react with each other in a chemical reaction?
17. Why is it important that an enzyme generally catalyzes only ONE specific reaction?
18. Explain how temperature and pH can affect the activity of enzymes in humans.
19. Why is it important that phospholipids DO NOT dissolve in water?
20. What does the term “fluid mosaic” refer to in regard to membranes?
21. Differentiate passive transport from active transport.
22. Explain the major importance of transport proteins in biological membranes.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]
23. What makes endoplasmic reticulum “rough”?
24. What is the major function of lysosomes?
25. Why are mitochondria especially important in terms of energy?
26. What special role do chloroplasts play (in regard to energy) in plants?
27. Describe the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of the cytoskeleton.
Contact information: 302-270-1929 (cell), [email protected], [email protected]