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Evolution Regents Review
Name:
1.
Date:
According to modern evolutionary theory, genes
responsible for new traits that help a species
survive in a particular environment will usually
A.
not change in frequency
B.
decrease gradually in frequency
C.
decrease rapidly in frequency
3.
D. increase in frequency
Which concept is not a part of the theory of
evolution?
A.
Present-day species developed from earlier
species.
B.
Some species die out when environmental
changes occur.
C.
Complex organisms develop from simple
organisms over time.
D. Change occurs according to the needs of an
individual organism to survive.
2.
Which statement about the rates of evolution for
di erent species is in agreement with the theory
of evolution?
A.
They are identical, since the species live on
the same planet.
B.
They are identical, since each species is at
risk of becoming extinct.
C.
They are di erent, since each species has
di erent adaptations that function within a
changing environment.
4.
The rst life-forms to appear on Earth were most
likely
A.
complex single-celled organisms
B.
complex multicellular organisms
C.
simple single-celled organisms
D. simple multicellular organisms
D. They are di erent, since each species has
access to unlimited resources within its
environment.
page 1
5.
The diagram illustrates a proposed evolutionary
path of certain organisms, based on the theory of
evolution.
7.
Base your answer to the following question on the
chart below and on your knowledge of biology.
A
The diversity of multicellular
organisms increases.
B
Simple, single-celled
organisms appear.
C
Multicellular organisms
begin to evolve.
According to most scientists, which sequence best
represents the order of biological evolution on
Earth?
A.
A! B! C
B.
B ! C! A
C.
B! A! C
D. C ! A ! B
Which statement could best be inferred from the
information in this diagram?
A.
Evolution does not involve gradual change.
B.
Evolutionary changes can result in extinction.
C.
Evolution begins with plants.
D. Evolution produces organisms that all ll the
same niche.
8.
6.
Which statement represents the major concept of
the biological theory of evolution?
A.
A new species moves into a habitat when
another species becomes extinct.
B.
Every period of time in Earth's history has its
own group of organisms.
C.
Present-day organisms on Earth developed
from earlier, distinctly di erent organisms.
The theory of biological evolution includes the
concept that
A.
species of organisms found on Earth today
have adaptations not always found in earlier
species
B.
fossils are the remains of present-day species
and were all formed at the same time
C.
individuals may acquire physical
characteristics after birth and pass these
acquired characteristics on to their o spring
D. the smallest organisms are always eliminated
by the larger organisms within the ecosystem
D. Every location on Earth's surface has its own
unique group of organisms.
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Evolution Regents Review
9.
Ten breeding pairs of rabbits are introduced onto
an island with no natural predators and a good
supply of water and food. What will most likely
happen to the rabbit population?
A.
It will remain relatively constant due to equal
birth and death rates.
B.
It will die out due to an increase in the
mutation rate.
C.
It will increase until it exceeds carrying
capacity.
11.
The fossil record of ancient life forms provides
scienti c evidence of
A.
direct harvesting
B.
selective breeding
C.
gene manipulation
D. evolutionary changes
D. It will decrease and then increase inde nitely.
12.
10.
Characteristics that are acquired during life
are passed to o spring by sexual reproduction.
B.
Evolution is the result of mutations and
recombination, only.
C.
Organisms best adapted to a changed
environment are more likely to reproduce and
pass their genes to o spring.
A.
investigation of environmental niches
B.
study of fossil records
C.
comparison of the number of cells in
organisms
D. analysis of food chains and food webs
Which statement is most closely related to the
modern theory of evolution?
A.
Evidence that best supports the theory of biological
evolution was obtained from the
13.
D. Asexual reproduction increases the survival of
species.
In 2007, scientists broke open a fossil of a dinosaur
bone and found some preserved tissues. Analysis
showed that some proteins in these tissues are
very similar to proteins found in modern chickens.
The conclusion that these dinosaurs are related to
modern chickens is based on
A.
molecular similarities
B.
natural selection
C.
similarities in behavior
D. the occurrence of mutations
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Evolution Regents Review
14.
According to the theory of natural selection, why
are some individuals more likely than others to
survive and reproduce?
A.
16.
Some individuals pass on to their o spring
new characteristics they have acquired during
their lifetimes.
B.
Some individuals are better adapted to exist
in their environment than others are.
C.
Some individuals do not pass on to their
o spring new characteristics they have
acquired during their lifetimes.
A.
reproduction of organisms by an asexual
method in an unchanging environment
B.
reproduction of a species having a very low
mutation rate in a changing environment
C.
reproduction of organisms in an unchanging
environment with little competition and few
predators
D. reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic
di erences due to mutations and genetic
recombinations in a changing environment
D. Some individuals tend to produce fewer
o spring than others in the same environment.
17.
15.
Which situation would most likely result in the
highest rate of natural selection?
The diversity within the wild bird species in the
accompanying diagram can best be explained by
which process?
Base your answer to the following question on one
of the cartoons, which refer to certain concepts
of natural selection, and on your knowledge of
biology.
Choose one cartoon and write its number in the
space below. Identify one concept represented in
that cartoon, and explain how this concept supports
the theory of natural selection. Your answer must:
A.
natural selection
B.
asexual reproduction
C.
ecological succession
identify one concept represented in the cartoon
you choose
brie y explain the concept you identi ed
explain the relationship between this concept
and the process of natural selection
D. mitotic cell division
Cartoon Number:
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Evolution Regents Review
18.
In an area in Africa, temporary pools form where
rivers ow during the rainy months. Some sh
have developed the ability to use their ventral ns
as “feet” to travel on land from one of these
temporary pools to another. Other sh in these
pools die when the pools dry up. What can be
expected to happen in this area after many years?
A.
The sh using ventral ns as “feet” will be
present in increasing numbers.
B.
“Feet” in the form of ventral ns will develop
on all sh.
C.
The sh using ventral
develop real feet.
20.
Woolly mammoths became extinct thousands
of years ago, while other species of mammals
that existed at that time still exist today. These
other species of mammals most likely exist today
because, unlike the mammoths, they
A.
produced o spring that all had identical
inheritable characteristics
B.
did not face a struggle for survival
C.
learned to migrate to new environments
D. had certain inheritable traits that enabled
them to survive
ns as “feet” will
D. All of the varieties of sh will survive and
produce many o spring.
21.
19.
Natural selection and its evolutionary consequences
provide a scienti c explanation for each of the
following except
The diagram below represents four di erent species
of wild birds. Each species has feet with di erent
structural adaptations.
The development of these adaptations can best be
explained by the concept of
A.
the fossil record
B.
protein and DNA similarities between di erent
organisms
A.
inheritance of resistance to diseases that a ect
all these species
C.
similar structures among di erent organisms
B.
inheritance of characteristics acquired after
the birds hatched from the egg
C.
natural selection
D. a stable physical environment
D. selective breeding
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Evolution Regents Review
22.
The graph below shows the growth of a population
of bacteria over a period of 80 hours.
23.
The diagram below shows the e ect of spraying
a pesticide on a population of insects over three
generations.
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
Which statement best describes section II of the
graph?
A.
The population has reached the carrying
capacity of the environment.
B.
The rate of reproduction is slower than in
section I.
C.
The population is greater than the carrying
capacity of the environment.
A.
survival of the ttest
B.
dynamic equilibrium
C.
succession
D. extinction
24.
D. The rate of reproduction exceeds the death
rate.
The females of certain species of turtles will
sneak into a nest of alligator eggs to lay their own
eggs and then leave, never to return. When the
baby turtles hatch, they automatically hide from
the mother alligator guarding the nest and go to
the nearest body of water when it is safe to do
so. Which statement best explains the behavior of
these baby turtles?
A.
More of the turtles' ancestors who acted in
this way survived to reproduce, passing this
behavioral trait to their o spring.
B.
The baby turtles are genetically identical, so
they behave the same way.
C.
Turtles are not capable of evolving, so they
repeat the same behaviors generation after
generation.
D. The baby turtles' ancestors who learned to
behave this way taught the behaviors to their
o spring
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Evolution Regents Review
25.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below that shows variations in the
beaks of nches in the Galapagos Islands and on
your knowledge of biology.
26.
Base your answer(s) to question(s) on the diagram
below and on your knowledge of biology. The
diagram shows the heads of four di erent species
of Galapagos Islands nches.
The four di erent types of beaks shown are most
likely the result of
A.
gene manipulation
B.
natural selection
C.
unchanging environmental conditions
D. patterns of behavior learned from parents
The diversity of species seen on the Galapagos
Islands is mostly due to
A.
gene manipulation by scientists
B.
gene changes resulting from mitotic cell
division
C.
natural selection
D. selective breeding
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Evolution Regents Review
27.
The characteristics of four nches that inhabit the
same island are represented in the chart below.
28.
Which characteristic is necessary for natural
selection to occur in a species?
A.
stability
B.
variation
C.
complex cellular organization
D. a very low mutation rate
Complete the table below using information in
the characteristics chart and your knowledge of
biology.
Competes With
the Large
Tree Finch
no
Type of Finch
State one reason why it competes or does
not compete with the large tree nch.
29.
yes
The table below shows adaptations in two
organisms.
Enviromental Adaptations
Organism
Enviroment
hot and dry
comes out of burrow only at night
Arctic Poppy plant
cold and windy
grows low to ground next to rocks
desert rat
Adaptation
The presence of these adaptations is most likely
the result of
A.
reproductive technology
B.
natural selection
C.
asexual reproduction
D. human interference
page 8
Evolution Regents Review
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the data table below, which shows the estimated population of
wolves in Minnesota from 1995 through 2002.
Minnesota Wolf Population
Year Estimated Population
1995
2000
1997
2300
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2200
2450
2500
2600
2600
2600
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Evolution Regents Review
30.
Wolves prey on animals such as deer. Identify one
adaptation of deer that would help them to survive
in an area populated by wolves.
31.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and photographs below and on
your knowledge of biology.
33.
In addition to their use for hearing, ears
contain many blood vessels that allow heat to
escape into the air. Animals that live in
warm climates tend to have ears with large
areas exposed to the environment. Animals
in cold climates have a more compact ear
that keeps exposure to the environment to a
minimum. The photographs below show
a jackrabbit from desert regions of the
southwestern United States and a fennec fox
from northern Africa with large ears, and a
snowshoe hare and an arctic fox with small
ears.
Jackrabbit
Fennec Fox
Snowshoe Hare
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram and on your knowledge of
biology. The diagram shows an interpretation of
relationships based on evolutionary theory. The
letters represent di erent species.
Explain why species B and C are more closely
related than species A and C are.
Arctic Fox
Discuss how di erences in ear size in these
organisms might have occurred.
34.
Explain how the size of these animals' ears can
help the animals survive in their environment.
The diagram indicates that a common ancestor for
species C and E is species
A.
32.
F
B.
G
C.
H
D. K
Identify or describe one tool used in “The
Beaks of Finches” lab, and explain why the
special features of this beak represented either an
advantage or a disadvantage in the competition.
page 10
Evolution Regents Review
35.
The accompanying diagrams show the bones in
the forelimbs of three di erent organisms.
36.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram, which represents the relationships
between animals in a possible canine family tree,
and on your knowledge of biology.
Di erences in the bone arrangements support the
hypothesis that these organisms
A.
are members of the same species
B.
may have descended from the same ancestor
C.
have adaptations to survive in di erent
environments
D. all contain the same genetic information
According to the diagram, which group of
organisms has the most closely related members?
A.
cats, weasels, and wolves
B.
bears, raccoons, and hyena dogs
C.
jackals, foxes, and domestic dogs
D. African hunting dogs, hyena dogs, and
domestic dogs
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Evolution Regents Review
37.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
38.
Base your answer to the following question on the
diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Based on their analysis of the
di erences in amino acid sequences of one
kind of protein, scientists prepared the
evolutionary tree shown below.
The similarities of the bones labeled A provide
evidence that
According to this diagram, the DNA of which pair
of organisms would show the greatest similarity?
A.
penguin and turtle
B.
horse and donkey
C.
snake and tuna
D. turtle and rabbit
A.
the organisms may have evolved from a
common ancestor
B.
all species have one kind of bone structure
C.
the cells of the bones contain the same type
of mutations
D. all structural characteristics are the same in
animals
page 12
Evolution Regents Review
39.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
40.
Cytochrome c is an enzyme located in
the mitochondria of many types of cells.
The number of di erences in the amino
acid sequences of Cytochrome c from
di erent species are compared to human
Cytochrome c in the data table below.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
A series of investigations was performed
on four di erent plant species. The results of
these investigations are recorded in the data
table below.
Characteristics of Four Plant Species
Plant Species
Seeds
Leaves
Di erences in Amino Acid Sequences
A
round/small
needle-like
B
long/pointed
needle-like
circular bundles
chlorophyll a and c
Organism Number of Di erences in
Cytochrome c
Compared to Humans
C
round/small
needle-like
scattered bundles
chlorophyll a and b
D
round/small
needle-like
scattered bundles
chlorophyll b
tuna
48
dog
11
moth
Plant species
31
horse
12
monkey
1
chicken
scattered bundles
Type of Chlorophyll Present
chlorophyll a and b
Based on these data, which two plant species
appear to be most closely related? Support your
answer.
21
mold
Pattern of VascularBundles
(structures in stem)
and
13
Of the organisms listed below, which one has a
DNA code for Cytochrome c that is most similar
to that of a human?
A.
tuna
B.
chicken
C.
moth
D. dog
page 13
Evolution Regents Review
41.
Thousands of years ago, a large ock of hawks
was driven from its normal migratory route by
a severe storm. The birds scattered and found
shelter on two distant islands, as shown on the
map below. The eviornment of island A is very
similar to the hawk's original nesting region. The
enviornment of island B is very di erent from
that of island A. The hawks have survived on
these islands to the present day with no migration
between the populations.
42.
The accompanying diagram illustrates the change
that occurred in the physical appearance of a
rabbit population over a 10-year period.
Which condition would explain this change over
time?
The hawks that landed on island B have
evolved more that those on island A
B.
The hawks that landed on island A have
evolved more that those on island B
C.
The populations on island A and B have
undergone identical mutations.
a decrease in the mutation rate of the rabbits
with black fur
B.
a decrease in the advantage of having white
fur
C.
an increase in the advantage of having white
fur
D. an increase in the chromosome number of the
rabbits with black fur
Which statement most accurately predicts the
present-day condition of these island hawk
populations?
A.
A.
43.
D. The hawks on island A have given rise to
many new species.
A new chemical was discovered and introduced
into a culture containing one species of bacteria.
Within a day, most of the bacteria were dead,
but a few remained alive. Which statement best
explains why some of the bacteria survived?
A.
They had a genetic variation that gave them
resistance to the chemical.
B.
They were exposed to the chemical long
enough to develop a resistance to it.
C.
They mutated and became a di erent species
after exposure to the chemical.
D. They absorbed the chemical and broke it
down in their digestive systems.
page 14
Evolution Regents Review
44. In some land plants, guard cells are found only
on the lower surfaces of the leaves. In some
water plants, guard cells are found only on the
upper surfaces of the leaves. Explain how guard
cells in both land and water plants help maintain
homeostasis. In your answer be sure to:
46.
Bird W
identify one function regulated by the
guard cells in leaves
explain how guard cells carry out this
function
give one possible evolutionary advantage
of the position of the guard cells on the
leaves of land plants
45.
The dichotomous key shown below can be used to
identify birds W, X, Y, and Z.
Bird X
Bird Y
Bird Z
Bird X is most likely
A.
Certhidea
B.
C.
Camarhynchus
D. Platyspiza
Geospiza
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
Scientists found members of a plant
species they did not recognize. They wanted
to determine if the unknown species was
related to one or more of four known
species, A, B, C, and D.
The relationship between species can be
determined most accurately by comparing the
results of gel electrophoresis of the DNA
from di erent species.
The chart below represents the results
of gel electrophoresis of the DNA from the
unknown plant species and the four known
species.
47.
Variation in the o spring of sexually reproducing
organisms is the direct result of
A.
sorting and recombining of genes
B.
replication and cloning
C.
the need to adapt and maintain homeostasis
D. overproduction of o spring and competition
The unknown species is most closely related to
which of the four known species? Support your
answer.
page 15
Evolution Regents Review
48.
The accompanying diagram represents a woolly
mammoth, a relative of the modern elephant.
Woolly mammoths lived during the Ice Age and
eventually became extinct.
49.
Base your answer to the following question on
the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
The dodo bird inhabited the island of
Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, where it lived
undisturbed for years. It lost its ability to y
and it lived and nested on the ground where
it ate fruits that had fallen from trees. There
were no mammals living on the island.
In 1505, the rst humans set foot on
Mauritius. The island quickly became a
stopover for ships engaged in the spice trade.
The dodo was a welcome source of fresh
meat for the sailors and large numbers of
dodos were killed for food. In time, pigs,
monkeys, and rats brought to the island ate
the dodo eggs in the ground nests.
State one possible reason this species died out.
Which statement describes what most likely
happened to the dodo bird within 100 years of the
arrival of humans on Mauritius?
A.
Dodo birds developed the ability to y in
order to escape predation and their population
increased.
B.
The dodo bird population increased after the
birds learned to build their nests in trees.
C.
Human exploitation and introduced species
signi cantly reduced dodo bird populations.
D. The dodo bird population became smaller
because they preyed upon the introduced
species.
page 16
Evolution Regents Review
50.
Information related to the organisms found on
Earth during various geological time periods is
represented in the accompanying chart.
Which statement concerning the rst appearance
of the organisms over the time period represented
in this chart is most likely correct?
A.
Life on Earth has remained the same.
B.
Life on Earth has changed from primitive
organisms to more complex organisms.
C.
Life on Earth began with complex organisms
and changed to more complex organisms.
D. Life on Earth has changed rapidly.
page 17
Evolution Regents Review
Problem-Attic format version 4.4.266
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Evolution Regents Review
06/01/2016
17.
Answer:
1.
Answer:
D
2.
Answer:
C
3.
Answer:
D
4.
Answer:
C
5.
Answer:
B
6.
Answer:
C
7.
Answer:
B
8.
Answer:
18.
Answer:
A
A
9.
Answer:
19.
Answer:
D
C
10.
Answer:
20.
Answer:
D
C
11.
Answer:
21.
Answer:
C
D
12.
Answer:
22.
Answer:
D
B
13.
Answer:
23.
Answer:
A
A
14.
Answer:
24.
Answer:
A
B
15.
Answer:
25.
Answer:
C
A
16.
Answer:
26.
Answer:
B
D
27.
Answer:
Cartoon 1
The concept is overproduction.
More organisms are produced than can
survive.
The organisms that are best adapted
will survive.
Cartoon 2
The concept is struggle for survival (or
survival of the ttest.)
Those organisms best adapted will
survive.
Those that survive will pass these traits
on to their o spring.
Competes With
the Large
Tree Finch
no
Type of Finch
large/small
ground nch
or
warbler nch
The large tree nch eats mainly animal food,
while the
large/small ground nch eats mainly plant food.
or
The warbler nch may eat di erent animals.
yes
warbler
nch
They both eat animal food.
28.
Answer:
B
29.
Answer:
B
State one reason why it competes or does
not compete with the large tree nch.
Teacher's Key
30.
Answer:
37.
Answer:
B
– speed
38.
Answer:
A
– hooves for protection/defense
39.
Answer:
D
– well-developed senses
40.
Answer:
A and C—most characteristics in common
Acceptable responses include, but are not
limited to:
– antlers
– fur color similar to surroundings
31.
Answer:
Large ears can help an animal remove
excess heat in a warm environment,
which helps the animal maintain a stable
internal temperature.
The small ears in the arctic fox
help minimize heat loss in its cold
environment.
The large ears in the jackrabbit let excess
heat escape, helping it stay cool.
Large ears would allow animals to hear
predators.
32.
Answer:
OR
A and C—same type of chlorophyll
present
41.
Answer:
A
42.
Answer:
B
43.
Answer:
A
44.
Answer:
gas exchange, respiration, or
photosynthesis
Guard cells change shape. OR Guard
cells change the size of the leaf
openings.
prevents excess evaporation of water on
sunny days OR prevents the entrance
of some pollutants
Tool: Forceps
Advantage or disadvantage: Advantage
Explanation: picked up enough small
seeds so a nch on an island with lots of
small seeds could survive
Tool: Forceps/Tweezers
Advantage or disadvantage:
Disadvantage
Explanation: didn't pick up enough
seeds to survive
Tool: Large hair clip
Advantage or disadvantage:
Disadvantage
Explanation: didn't pick up any seeds
Tool: Tool for holding test tubes
Advantage or disadvantage: Advantage
Explanation: picked up really big seeds
so it got enough food to survive
33.
Answer:
Page 2
45.
Answer:
It is most closely related to species C.
The bands from the DNA of species C
are the closest match to those of the
unknown species.
46.
Answer:
D
47.
Answer:
A
48.
Answer:
Species B and C have a common ancestor
(F) that is more recent than the common
ancestor (H) of species A and C.
The environment changed and the woolly
mammoth could no longer adapt. or The
number of herbivores increased 10,000
years ago and there was more competition
for food. or increase in predators or
overhunting by humans
34.
Answer:
D
35.
Answer:
49.
Answer:
C
C
36.
Answer:
50.
Answer:
B
C