Download ILO`s and lecture objectives-HMIM 224(2013

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
HMIM 224 BLOCK
The Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO’s) and
Lecture objectives
1434-1435 [2013-2014]
First Term
1
HMIM 224 Block (Week 1)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
(Lecture objectives)
The intended learning outcomes
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Discuss the structural anatomy of lymphatic
system.
Describe the arrangement and drainage of different
types of lymph nodes.
Describe the gross anatomy of spleen, thymus, and
tonsils.
Enlist the structures forming lymphatic system.
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Differentiate between superficial and deep lymphatic vessels.
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Describe the lymph node and enlist its functions.
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Discuss the formation of the right lymphatic duct.
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List the parts drained by the right lymphatic trunk
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Describe thoracic duct and its origin and relation.
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List the parts drained by the thoracic duct
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Explain the arrangement and drainage of different groups of axillary lymph nodes.
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Describe the gross anatomical features of spleen.
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Understand the peritoneal relations of spleen.
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Enlist the contents of gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments.
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Discuss the blood supply of spleen.
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Define the terms splenomegaly and spleenectomy.
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Explain the arrangement and drainage of superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes
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Describe the arrangement of the thoracic wall and mediastinal lymph nodes
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Enlist plasma proteins and the clinical features
associated with their abnormal values.
Correlate the normal ranges of Red blood cells and
hemoglobin with their functions.
Enumerate the stages of erythropoiesis.
Describe the microscopic features of the primary
and secondary lymphoid organs.
Explain the differentiation of myeloid and
lymphoid stem cells.
Discuss the lymph drainage of the pelvis and abdomen
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Summarize the plasma proteins and their function.
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Predict the clinical features if there is change in the plasma proteins.
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Write the functions of hemoglobin.
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Write the normal range of RBCs and hemoglobin in male & females.
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Write the steps of RBCs development and cell types present in bone marrow and
peripheral blood.
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Describe the location of lymphatic organs.
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Describe different types of tonsils
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Understand the arrangement of Waldeyer’s ring.
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Explain the microscopic features of Lymph Node.
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Define the direction of flow of lymph in the lymph node.
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Explain the microscopic features of spleen.
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Differentiate between the mechanism of Open and Closed Circulation in Spleen.
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Explain the microscopic features of thymus
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Explain the composition of whole blood.
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List the steps used in preparing a blood smear.
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Describe the structure of Erythrocyte.
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Enlist different types of leucocytes.
3
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Differentiate between different types of leucocytes
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Enlist the different functions of leucocytes
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Understand the terms used to describe increased and decreased number of
different types of leucocytes
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Explain the differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells.
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Describe the development of red blood cells in red bone marrow.
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Describe the development of granulocytes
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Describe the development of agranulocytes
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Describe the development of platelets
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Understand the following terms: leukemia, stem cells, bone marrow
transplantation
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Identify the main metabolic pathways occur in
RBCs and some diseases associated with metabolic
disorders.
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Understand the general structural & functional features of red blood cells
(RBCs).
Recognize the main metabolic pathways occurring in RBCs with reference to
their relations to functions of RBCs.
Identify some of the main & common diseases of RBCs as implication of defects
of RBCs metabolism.
Understand the relation of characteristic features of structure of membrane of
RBCs.
Recognize changes occurring in aging of RBCs.
4
HMIM 224 Block (Week 2)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Describe the structural and functional criteria of
hemoglobin and the clinical significance of
hemoproteins.
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Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c).
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Identify the genetic factors and biochemical-
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Recognize some of the main genetic & biochemical aspects of hemoglobinopathies
with some implications on clinical features (with focusing on thalassemias and
sickle cell anemia).
sickle cell anemia.
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Identify types & relative concentrations of normal adult hemoglobin with reference
to HBA1c with its clinical application.
structural defects occurs in both thalassemia and
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Understand the main structural & functional details of hemoglobin as one of the
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Differentiate between different types of anemia.
Discuss different types of anemia and their effect
on the body.
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Summarize the effect of anemia on the body.
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Recognize the different types of WBCs and their normal values.
Enlist the types and functions of WBCs, and
their role in cellular immunity.
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Summarize the functions of each WBC and its clinical significant associated with
different abnormal conditions.
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List different types of blood group systems
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Explain the mechanism of blood group inheritance
5
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Recognize different blood group systems and
their relationship with the blood transfusion
process.
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Use the knowledge of blood groups in blood transfusion.
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Summarize the pathophysiology of Hemolytic disease of newborn.
Identify the general structure of porphyrin and
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Understand the general structure of the porphyrin.
types of porphyrias associated with metabolic
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Discuss the main steps of synthesis of heme with reference to clinical implications.
defects.
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Verify the types of porphyrias with explaining the biochemical bases of clinical
manifestations.
Recognize the main steps of Heme synthesis and
degradation.
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Recognize the main steps for heme degradation.
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Define hyperemia and its pathological effects.
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Know the types, causes, and complications of
thrombosis.
Understand the terminology and pathological effects of hyperemia.
Recognize the causes, morphological features, types and complications of
thrombosis.
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Recognize the types and causes of embolism and
ischemia respectively.
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Know the definition and types of embolism.
Understand the causes of acute ischemia and the concept of infarction.
6
HMIM 224 Block (Week 3)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Define the biochemical role of folic acid and vitamin B12 in
production of normal Red blood cells.
Correlate the folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiency with
pernicious anemia.
Identify the role of vitamin K in blood coagulation process.
Correlate the vitamin K deficiency with some types of
hemorrhagic diseases.
Correlate the abnormalities of hemostasis with platelet and
clotting factors.
Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of
anticoagulants.
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Recognize the general biochemical aspects of water and fat soluble
vitamins.
Understand the biochemical roles of folic acid, vitamin B12
(cobalamine), vitamin C and vitamin K in heme system.
Discuss biochemical and clinical aspects of folic acid deficiency and
pernicious anemia.
Explain the relationship between vitamin K deficiency and the
pathogenesis of some hemorrhagic diseases with reference to
treatment.
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Write normal range of platelets
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Summarize the functions of platelets.
 Enlist the clotting factors.
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Define the abnormalities of hemostasis.
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Define anticoagulation
Understand iindications of anticoagulant therapy
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Correlate the viral window period with the risk of
transmission of infection by blood transfusion.
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Enlist the infectious agents transmitted by blood transfusion.
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Identify the relationship between Plasmodium infection and
hemolytic and hepatic jaundice.
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Define hemorrhage and edema, and their causes and
pathological effects.
Classify shock according to its causes.
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Explain blood coagulation cascade
Describe mechanism of action of heparin and its complication.
Know about heparin induced thrombocytopenia and its management
Compare and contrast the heparin and low molecular weight heparins
5-understand the differnces between oral and parenteral anticoagulants
List the drug interaction with warfarin
Explain mechanism of action and adverse effects of oral anticoagulants
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Define the viral window period and genetic vertical transmission.
Enlist the factors that play a role in transmission of virus by blood
transfusion.
Name the infectious diseases that could be transmitted by blood
transfusion.
Identify the microbes that infect white and Red Blood cells.
Identify the viral latent infection within white blood cells.
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Describe the microbiological characteristics of Retroviruses, Herpes
viruses, Parvovirus B19, HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Treponema pallidium,
and Plasmodium species.
Identify the life cycle of Plasmodium species.
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Enlist the causes, types and pathological effects of hemorrhage.
Define edema, and their causes.
Understand the causes and classification of shock.
8
HMIM 224 Block (Week 4)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Recognize types, pathological features, stages, and
diagnostic procedure of lymphoma.
Enlist the antiplatelet drugs according to mechanism of
action and their properties.
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Define lymphoma.
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Enlist the classes of lymphoma.
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Understand the pathological features of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's
lymphoma.
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Understand the diagnosis and staging of lymphoma.
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Explain the role of platelets in in thromboembolic diseases.
List the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and major
indications of aspirin.
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Enumerate the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, major uses and adverse
effects of ADP receptor antagonist.
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Explain the mechanism of action and major uses of GPIIb/IIIa-receptor
antagonist.
List the commonly used antiplatelet.
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Explain the mechanism of action and major
indications for fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics.
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Define natural barriers to infection.
Identify the role of defense mechanism of natural
barriers in preventing of infection.
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Describe the mechanism of action of athrombolytic drugs such as streptokinase
and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
Explain the role of platelets in in thromboembolic diseases.
List the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and major
indications of aspirin.
Enumerate the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, major uses and adverse
effects of ADP receptor antagonist.
Explain the mechanism of action and major uses of GPIIb/IIIa-receptor
antagonist.
List other commonly used antiplatelet.
Enumerate the commonly used anti-fibrinolytics with their mode of action and
common indications.
Enlist the physical and chemical barriers of innate immunity.
Identify the role of natural barriers in protection of human body.
Discuss the inhibitory mechanism by which normal flora prevent pathogenic
colonization of exogenous microbes.
Identify the factors that play a role in establishment of infection.
10
HMIM 224 Block (Week 5)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Recognize the mechanism of iron absorption,
distribution, and excretion in the body.
Discuss iron deficiency and toxicity, and the
laboratory investigations required for evaluation of
iron status.
Classify anemia according to morphological
variations in Red blood cells and causes.
Differentiate between types of anemia according to
laboratory findings and results interpretation.
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Recall sources and requirements of dietary iron.
Explain factors affecting absorption of iron from GIT.
Discuss iron distribution and excretion in the body.
Recognize laboratory assessment investigations for iron status.
Understand causes of iron deficiencies and iron overload with reference to
clinical consequences.
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Identify the red blood cells indices.
Explain the morphological classification of anemia.
List the different types of anemia.
Differentiate between types of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
Explain the laboratory findings of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia.
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Discriminate between hemoglobin electrophoresis of different types of
thalassemia.
Identify the types of macrocytic normochromic anemia and the laboratory
findings of megaloblastic anemia.
Describe the cause and laboratory features of aplastic anemia.
Summarize the different types and mechanisms of hemolytic anemia.
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11
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Explain the hereditary causes and hemoglobin electrophoresis of sickle cell
anemia.
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Understand the main functional concepts for pentose phosphate pathway ( hexose
monophosphate pathway).
Identify the main general uses of NADPH for normal cellular metabolism with special
focus on its role in antioxidant mechanisms.
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Recognize the relationship between pentose
phosphate pathway, the coenzyme NADPH and
G6PD enzymatic activity.
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Describe the genetic & biochemical basis of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase
deficiency (G6PD deficiency).
Correlate the G6PD deficiency and hemolytic
anemia.
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Recognize the precipitating factors for G6PD deficiency anemia.
Recall classes of G6PD deficiency anemia (as indicated by variants of G6P
dehydrogenase enzyme).
Discuss the biochemical & clinical rationale for lines of diagnosis of G6PD deficiency
anemia.
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Define the self-recognition, antigens, and Hapten.
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Define self-recognition, antigen, immunogen, Superantigen, and Hapten.
Identify the role of cell receptors in self-recognition and epitope interaction.
Describe the importance of Land-Steiner’s experiment in identification of
immunogen and Hapten.
Compare between T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antigens.
12
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Recognize the components of innate immunity and
its activity during inflammation.
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Define humoral and cellular immunity.
Recognize the role of lymphocytes in natural
defense and different clinical conditions.
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Identify self-tolerance, and its importance in
recognition of self-proteins.
Recognize the activation process of T and Blymphocyte and their effector function.
Identify plasma proteins, their metabolism and
function.
Define the methods of plasma proteins
measurement, and its clinical significance in
diagnosis of some diseases of white blood cells and
immunity.
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Define innate immunity.
Enlist the soluble inflammatory mediators of innate immunity.
Recognize the type and mechanism of cellular interaction during innate immune
response.
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Define humoral and cell-mediated immunity
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Summarize the function of lymphocytes.
Write types and functions of T lymphocytes
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Discuss the role of lymphocytes in different clinical conditions.
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Define self-tolerance
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Enumerate the examples of self-tolerance
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Explain the mechanism of self-tolerance
Know the mechanism of activation of T and B lymphocytes.
Identify the effector function of T and B lymphocytes during immune response.
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Review the general physiological functions & metabolism of plasma proteins.
Understand main lines of plasma protein measurement.
Discuss the main concepts of plasma protein electrophoresis as a semiquantitative method for protein measurement in clinical labs.
Recognize the main biochemical, pathological & clinical aspects of some of the
plasma proteins as prealbumin, albumin, gamma globulins & acute phase
proteins.
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13
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Recognize the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features,
and diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Identify the terminology and causes of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Understand the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Know the clinical presentation and features of SLE.
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Discuss the pathological changes of SLE on different body organs.
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Understand the diagnostic criteria for SLE.
14
HMIM 224 Block (Week 7)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Recognize the components of adaptive immunity and
its clinical significance in resistance of tumor and
infections.
Enumerate the classes, causes, and types of
leukemia.
Know the clinical picture, prognosis, and
laboratory diagnostic methods of different types
of leukemia.
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Define adaptive immunity.
Enlist the soluble inflammatory mediators of adaptive immunity.
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Recognize the type and mechanism of cellular interaction during adaptive immune
response.
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Define acute and chronic leukemia.
Classify acute and chronic leukemia.
Enumerate causes and types of acute leukemia.
Apply the clinical features and investigations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL).
Explain the morphological classification and prognosis of ALL.
Identify the clinical picture and laboratory diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia
(AML).
Summarize the clinical features and laboratory characteristics of B-cell chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (B-cell CLL)
Recognize the clinical picture and laboratory findings of chronic myeloid leukemia
(CML).
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15
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Recognize the pathophysiology, the diagnostic
criteria, and the methods of investigation of
rheumatoid arthritis.
Enumerate immunosuppressive drugs with their
mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse
effects, clinical uses and contra-indications.
Recognize immune cells and receptors, and their
importance in activation of innate or adaptive
immune response.
Identify the mechanism of hypersensitivity I and
II, and the effect of its inflammatory mediators on
human health.
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Understand the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Identify the diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Identify the methods of investigations of a case of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Recognize the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Understand the general features of immunosuppressive drugs.
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Explain the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, therapeutic uses and mode of
action of immunosuppressive drugs.
Be familiar with various immune-stimulants with their clinical indications.
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Enlist immune cells.
Classify immune cells according to its original progenitor cells and function.
Know the immune cells receptors and their importance in innate and adaptive
immunity.
Write different immune cells markers, and their importance as a cluster of cell
differentiation.
Define hypersensitivity.
Write the causes of hypersensitivity.
Explain the mechanism of hypersensitivity I and II.
Recognize different clinical examples on hypersensitivity I and II.
16
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Identify the mechanism of hypersensitivity III and
IV, and the most common clinical examples on
each type.
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Explain the mechanism of hypersensitivity III and IV.
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Recognize different clinical examples on hypersensitivity III, and IV.
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Write the diagnostic tests of serology that depend on these hypersensitivity types.
17
HMIM 224 Block (Week 8)
Requirement to achieve the ILO’s
The intended learning outcomes
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Recognize vaccine, types, classes, and its clinical
significance in improvement of humoral and
cellular immunity.
Correlate the genetic basis of tissue transplantation
and types of tissue rejection.
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Define the clinical significance of tissue
transplantation.
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Identify the mechanisms of loss of tolerance, and
the most common clinical examples on each type.
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Enumerate immunosuppressive drugs with their
mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse
effects, clinical uses and contra-indications.
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Define vaccine.
Enlist the properties of vaccine, types, and the factors that control immunization
procedure.
Classify vaccine according to its nature.
Enlist the most common example on each class.
Define adjuvants, and its importance in vaccination process.
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Define the genetic basis of tissue transplantation.
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Recognize the clinical significance of major histocompatibility complex.
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Classify grafts according to donor-recipient genetic relationship.
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Identify the mechanism of tissue rejection.
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Differentiate between acute, chronic, and hyper-acute rejection according to
immunologic aspects.
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Define autoimmunity, tolerance, anergy, and suppression.
Recognize the mechanisms of loss of tolerance.
Enlist the most common clinical examples on autoimmunity.
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Understand the general features of immunosuppressive drugs.
18
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Explain the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, therapeutic uses and mode of
action of immunosuppressive drugs.
Be familiar with various immune-stimulants with their clinical indications.
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Enlist the most common types of primary immunodeficiency.
Identify the genetic defects associated with each type of congenital
immunodeficiency.
Recognize the most common feature of each type of intrinsic immunodeficiency.
Classify acquired immunodeficiency according to causative environmental
factors.
Enlist the most common microbes that associated with acquired
immunodeficiency due to specific escape mechanism.
Identify the tropism of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Recognize the effect of HIV on immune cells and immune response.
Define the stages of HIV infection.
Write the effect of HIV infection on CD4:CD8 cell ratio.
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Enlist the serologic methods used for detection of antigen or antibodies in vitro.
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Identify the principle of serologic methods.
Recognize the most important serologic methods,
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Write the most common laboratory test that depends on each serologic method.
and their clinical significance in diagnosis of
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Define haemagglutination, antibody titer, and prozone phenomena.
different diseases.
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Recognize the clinical significance of ELISA test in diagnosis of viral infections.
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Enlist the methods used for measurement of cellular immunity.
Recognize different types of primary
immunodeficiency, and their genetic defective
mutation.
Identify acquired immunodeficiency, and its
causative agents focusing on HIV.
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Know the clinical application of these methods.
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