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www.iquod.org PhotobyAliciaNavidad Useful/ac*onableinforma*onon: • Howclimateischanging(observa<ons)andhowitwillchange(predic<ons) • Assessregionalimpacts(socio-economic-environmental) Demandshigh-quality,completeandconsistentlong-termoceandata Earth’stotalheatcontent >90% ! Tomonitorclimatevariabilityandchange (e.g.Earth’senergyimbalance,watercycle andsealevel) ! Toplacemodernchangesinthecontextofpast changes(e.g.meantrends,magnitudeand frequencyofextremes) ! Toseparateanthropogenicdriversfromnatural modesofvariability (e.g.,ENSO,PDO,AMO,NAO,SAM) Rheinetal.(2013) IPCCAR5 www.iquod.org︎ ! Toevaluate,constrain,ini*alize,assimilateinto numericalmodelstoinves<gatephysical mechanismsandcausesofpast/current changes,andtopredict/projectfuturechanges. Today’sbigchallenge:“Climatequality”oceandatabase No.Profiles/year Courtesy:TimBoyer,NODCNOAA XBTExample • Millionsofirreplaceable historicalobs.profiles=$$ TensofBillions! • Historicalobs.systemnot purposelydesignedfor climatechangemonitoring. • Mixofinstrumenta<onand evolvingtechnology. • Exis<ngglobaldatasetss<ll containbiased,duplicatedand lowresolu<ondata. Long-termsubsurfaceoceantemperaturedatainsub-op*malshape! Missingmetadata&originalhigh-resolu*onprofiles Numberofknown&unknown XBTprofilesperyear Propor*onofunknown XBTprofiles(shallow) Abrahametal.(2013) Pilottest:expertmanualQCrevealswarmbiases Gaussian Tail for positive depth error is much bigger Pilottest: IndianOcean/SWPacific GronellandWijffels(2008) WorldOcean:about1.5millionBADtemperatureprofiles Maingoal Toconstructthemostcomplete,consistentandhigh qualitysubsurfaceoceantemperature(EOV/ECV) long-termdatabase,withintelligentmetadataand assigneduncertaintytoeachobserva<on,andto freelydistributeforuseinocean,climateandEarth systemresearchandservicesofsocietalbenefit. FutureplanstoexpandIQuODefforttootherEOVs/ ECVssuchassubsurfacesalinity,oxygen,etc. www.iquod.org︎ How • Keytechnical/scien<ficexper<seandinfrastructureresources fromtheinterna<onalcommunitywillbeglobally-coordinated intoasinglebeststandardprac<ce(currently17-na<on member;mixedexper<se/levelsofinvolvement). • Deliverableswillbetailoredinclosecoopera<on/collabora<on withend-users(e.g.,observa<onal,reanalysis/modelling communi<esandocean/climateservices). www.iquod.org︎ Scien*fic/Implementa*onplan:underdevelopment. Timeframe:3-5years(ul<matelydependentonresources/funding) Co-Chairs Ca<aDomingues,MahPalmer(bothfromCLIVARGSOP) Steeringcommi]ee TimBoyer,RebeccaCowley,AnnThresher,SimonGood, SusanWijffels,GustavoGoni,JanetSprintall,AlisonMacdonald, ToruSuzuki,SteveDiggs,ViktorGouretski,CharlesSun (includingrepresenta<onfromUSCLIVAR,CCHDO,Argo,SOT,SOOP,GTSPP,WOD,GODAR,Etc) www.iquod.org︎ TaskTeam1 GDAC TaskTeam2 AutoQC TaskTeam3 ExpertQC (TimBoyer) (MatPalmer SimonGood) (AnnThresher) TaskTeam4 Uncertainty/Formats TaskTeam5 Aggrega*on (BecCowley) (Ca<aDomingues) Input dataset Soqware/ training • AutomatedQC Enhanced/expert/ machinelearningQC (≈40%ofdata) $$ci<zenscience? IQuODdataset (versioncontrol) www.iquod.org︎ Version1.0-Global subsurfacetemperature profiledatabasewith intelligentmetadataand ini<aluncertainty es<mates. Expectedrelease:early2016 • Version2.0-Inclusionof AutoQCbestprac<ces methods. • Version3.0-Inclusionof enhanced/expertQC. ! Freeandeasyaccesstothemostcomplete,consistent,highquality,longterm subsurfaceoceantemperatureglobaldatabase(rawprofilesandinterpolated products),includingintelligentmetadataanduncertainty. ! Numerousdownstreamapplica*onsofIQuODproductsforocean,climateand Earthsystemresearchandhigh-priorityapplica*ons/servicesofsocietalbenefit -WMOGCOSEssen<alClimateandOceanvariables -CLIVAROceanClimateIndicators -CLIVARResearchFociIni<a<ves(e.g.,CONCEP-HEAT) -WCRPGrandChallengeonRegionalSeaLevelChangeandCoastalImpacts ! Contribu*ontoIOCIODEobjec*ves Development/implementa<onofbestprac<cesfordiscovery/management ofsubsurfaceoceanobserva<onsandmetadata,includinginterna<onal standards,QC,open-sourcesoqwareandtraining/capacitybuilding. ! Templateforfutureefforts Historicalsubsurfacesalinityobserva<onsandotheroceanvariables (EOVs/ECVs) www.iquod.org︎ 2013/06–1stIQuODworkshop,Hobart,Australia(planningphase) 2014/02–IQuODtownhallsessionatOceanSciencesMee<ng,Honolulu,USA 2014/04–IQuODar<cleatAODNmagazine 2014/06–2ndIQuODworkshop,WashingtonDC,USA(AutoQCdiscussion) ParallelSessionatGTSPPmee<ng,Oostend,Belgium MozillaScienceLab(SimonGood,BillMills) 2014/07–USCLIVARsummit(JanetSprintall) PanCLIVAR(Ca<aDomingues,MahPalmer) 2014/11–CLIVARGSOPfutureplansandpriori<es 2015/03–USCLIVARfollow-up(JanetSprintall) 2015/03–IODE-XXIIIrecommenda<on(ToruSuzuki,CharlesSun) 2015/04–Endorsementlehersdataassimila<onandclim.model(GODAE,PCMDI) 2015/06–SubmissionSCOR/IAPSOworkinggroupproposal IQuODar<clesubmihedtospecialissueCLIVARexchanges 2015/12–3rdIQuODworkshop,Hamburg,Germany(Uncertainty,Intelligent metadata,towardsdeliveryinterimproductv1.0andplanningv2.0) www.iquod.org︎ 2016/02–IQuODsessionatOceanSciencesMee<ng,NewOrleans,USA 2016/06–ReleaseIQuODv1.0(interimproduct) 2016/09–4thIQuODworkshop,Tokyo/Sendai/?,Japan(bestprac<cesAutoQC) www.iquod.org Joinoursogwarecollabora*on Visitcollaborate.mozillascience.org/projects/autoqc tofindoutmoreaboutouropensourcesoqware developmentprojectwithMozillaScienceLabandto takepart. Expertsandusersfromvariousins*tu*onsacross17na*ons TheIOCCommiheeonInterna<onalOceanographicDataand Informa<onExchangehasestablishedIQuODasanIODEprojectand encouragesallIOCmemberStates,Programmes,relevant organiza*onsandprojectstocollaboratewithIQUOD. www.iquod.org︎ Testprofiles QCchecks nProfilexnQCcheck arrayofwhich profilescontainbad dataaccordingto eachQCcheck Workoutall possible combina<onsofQC checks ‘Truth’QCflags nProfilexnCombina<ons arrayofwhichprofiles containbaddataaccording toeachcombina<on Workouttrue posi<verateand falseposi<ve rateforeach Today’sbigchallenge:“Climatequality”oceandatabase No.Profiles/year Courtesy:TimBoyer,NODCNOAA • Millionsofirreplaceable historicalobs.profiles=$$ TensofBillions! NeedforIQuoD: Aneffec*veglobally-coordinatedapproach • Historicalobs.systemnot purposelydesignedfor tomaximisethequality,consistencyand climatechangemonitoring. XBTExample • Mixofinstrumenta<onand completenessofthelong-termglobal evolvingtechnology. subsurfaceoceandatabase • Exis<ngglobaldatasetss<ll containbiased,duplicatedand lowresolu<ondata. (data/metadata/uncertainty) Long-termsubsurfaceoceantemperaturedata WhoisinvolvedinIQuOD? Interna'onalcollabora'on/coopera'onisthekeytosuccess • QCexperts(automated/manual) • Datamanagementexperts • Historical/modern insituinstrumenta<onexperts • Regionaloceanographyexperts • Programmanagers Userscommunity: • Reanalysis/Synthesisefforts(dataassimila<on) • Climatemodelling Currentpartners:17na*ons;Mixedexper*se/levelsofinvolvement Whyfocusonsubsurfacetemperature? Measurementsvs.DepthWOD13 Yes CTD XBT/XCTD Bohle MBT Bucket Unknown CourtesyofTimBoyer,IQuOD2ndWorkshop,June2014 No Maybe Argo Pinniped Glider Mooredbuoy Driqers Others? TSG Green–Temperature Red–Salinity Yellow–Silicate Pink-Chlorophyll Instrumental(*me-dependent)biases–MBTs/XBTs Closerscru<nity:GouretskiandKoltermann(2007) Implica<onsfor oceanwarming variabilityandtrend Wijffelsetal.(2008) Dominguesetal.(2008) OHCvariabilityandchange:sensi*vetosmallsystema*cerrors Impactof*me-dependentXBTbiascorrec*ons VariousXBTcorrec*onsproposed Nocorrec<on Boyeretal.(inprogress) Cowleyetal.(2013) Abrahametal.(2013) Ac<onsRequested • Endorsetheestablishmentofan IODESGforIQuOD,asanIODEproject asperthe DraqRecommenda<onIODE-XXIII includingtherecommenda*onthat themembershipincluderepresenta<vesofSG-GTSPP andWODandGODARprojects • Support SG-IQuODmee<ngsbyIOCProjectOfficeforIODE Benefitsandoutcomes: • Interna*onalstandardprac*cesforautomated/manual qualitycontrol • Improvedmetadataandinclusionofuncertain*es. • Templateforfutureefforts:greatcommunityinterestin improvingthequalityofthehistoricalsalinityobserva*ons andotheroceanvariables. • The‘IQUODstandard’database,withconsistentquality controlthatiscon<nuallyupdated,willbeinvaluablefordata assimila<on,anthropogenicwarminges<mates,oceanheat contentandsealevelchangees<mates.
