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Transcript
Monomers: Small units that join together. Also referred to as building blocks Polymers: Large compounds built from monomers › Ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Monomers Polymers Made up of C,H,O Function: source of energy (short term) Examples: sugar, rice, bread, potatoes Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar) Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar) › Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen Monosaccharide glucose glucose Maltose glucose Disaccharide Monomer: monosaccharide (simple sugar) › Each unit is a ring made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen glucose glucose glucose glucose cellulose glucose glucose glucose Polysaccharide glucose What to look for in a monomer – how do I know it’s a monosaccharide? › Often in a ring shape, either hexagon or pentagon › Contains only C, H, and O › Glucose is the most widely used example: glucose Made of C,H,O Functions: Store energy (long term), building blocks of membranes Examples: wax, oil, butter, steroids, makeup Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids What to look for—how do I know it’s a lipid? Memorize this basic shape! A “head” (glycerol) with three tails (fatty acids) Long chains of carbon and hydrogen Made of C,H,O,N Functions: Build body structures, control chemical reactions, do cellular work Example: meat/muscle, hair, nails, enzymes, peanut butter, milk Monomer: amino acid Monomer: amino acid › There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that hook together via peptide bonds to form proteins Amino Acids (aa) aa1 aa2 aa3 Peptide Bonds aa4 aa5 aa6 What to look for in a monomer – how do I know it’s an amino acid? common: One side with a nitrogen and hydrogens (amino group) One side with two oxygens connected to a carbon (carboxyl group) Glycine › All amino acids have two major things in Phenylalanine Building Polymers= Dehydration Synthesis “Taking away water” Breaking the Polymers= Hydrolysis “Adding Water” If you received a paper on the way in, come to the front of the classroom, bring your paper! Made of C,H,O,N,P Functions: genetic code, cellular energy (ATP ONLY!) Example: DNA, RNA, ATP Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide How do I know it’s a nucleotide? › All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a base (hexagon OR pentagon with a hexagon), and at least one phosphate (usually a circle) B P S P S How do I know it’s a nucleotide? › All nucleotides have a sugar (pentagon), a base (hexagon OR pentagon with a hexagon), and at least one phosphate (usually a circle) › A special nucleotide called ATP has three phosphates instead of one P P P S 1. Glue in Macromolecules Sheet 2. Put away Notebook 3. Get out Biomolecules packet and a pencil and highlighter Glue in Biomolecules Grid Sheet Pack up Keep out the Food Label Investigation sheet Carbs Positive Lipids Positive Sugar Positive Proteins Positive