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Mutations DNA RNA Pictures Misc 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 Category 1 questions follow Question Identify the types of chromosome changes. a. Topcat otpcat b. Bluehat bluenight c. fatcat- atcat Answer Identify the types of chromosome changes. a. Topcat otpcat Inversion - backwards a. Bluehat bluenight translocation- from different chromosome a. fatcat- atcat deletion -missing a letter Question If a nucleotide is added or removed from a DNA molecule and mRNA is created, the codons after the mutation will not be read correctly. This is called a ___________ mutation. a. Frame shift mutation b. Lethal c. Point d. More than one of these is correct Answer If a nucleotide is added or removed from a DNA molecule and mRNA is created, the codons after the mutation will not be read correctly. This is called a ___________ mutation. a. Frame shift mutation b. Lethal c. Point d. More than one of these is correct Question A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule that affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a(n) ____________________mutation a. Chromosomal b. Point c. Somatic Answer A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule that affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a(n) ____________________mutation a. Chromosomal b. Point c. Somatic Point mutations are single base changes, that do not affect the reading frame; that is, the mutation only makes a single change in a single codon, and everything else is undisturbed. Frameshift mutations alter the reading frame of the DNA. They come in two flavors: •Insertion: This mutation inserts a base pair (or more) into the DNA, shifting everything to the right or left •Deletion: This mutation deletes a base pair (or more), shifting everything the opposite direction of the insertion. An altered reading frame will generate stop codons Question When parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost during mitosis or meiosis, the result is a(n) ____________________. Answer When parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost during mitosis or meiosis, the result is a(n) ____________________. chromosomal mutation Question These are examples of a A. Frame shift mutation B. Point mutation Answer These are examples of a A. Frame shift mutation B. Point mutation When talking about point mutations, it is important to remember which bases are purines (A/G) and which are pyrimidines (C/T). When a point mutation causes a purine to convert to another purine (for example, C to T), this is known as a transition. When a point mutation changes a purine to a pyrimidine, or vice versa, (i.e., A to T), this is known as a transversion. Category 2 questions follow Question The backbone of DNA is composed of a. Nitrogen base pairs b. Hydrogen bonds c. Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups d. All of these compose the backbone of DNA Answer The backbone of DNA is composed of a. Nitrogen base pairs b. Hydrogen bonds c. Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups d. All of these compose the backbone of DNA Question Watson & Crick with the information gained from Rosalind Franklin’s research, determined that ______ a. DNA carries our genetic code b. The shape of DNA is a double helix c. Mendel’s punnet square can still be used today d. All of these are correct Answer Watson & Crick with the information gained from Rosalind Franklin’s research, determined that ______ a. DNA carries our genetic code b. The shape of DNA is a double helix c. Mendel’s punnet square can still be used today d. All of these are correct Question DNA can be damaged by agents called mutagens. Examples include: a. xrays, b. Uv light c. Radiation d. All of these Answer DNA can be damaged by agents called mutagens. Examples include: a. xrays, b. Uv light c. Radiation d. All of these Question A mutation to DNA in a germ cell is different than a somatic cell because a. Skin mutations cause cancer b. Germ cell mutations can be carried by offspring c. Both are correct Answer A mutation to DNA in a germ cell is different than a somatic cell because a. Skin mutations cause cancer b. Germ cell (gametes) mutations can be carried by offspring c. Both are correct Question Which is not correct? a. Nucleotides match up in a specific sequence to carry our genetic code b. Nitrogen bases match with complimentary bases to copy DNA c. The chromosome abnormality that occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome is translocation. d. All are correct Answer Which is not correct? a. Nucleotides match up in a specific sequence to carry our genetic code b. Nitrogen bases match with complimentary bases to copy DNA c. The chromosome abnormality that occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome is translocation. d. All are correct Category 3 questions follow Question Which is not correctly matched? a. Translation ; mRNA proteins b. Duplication; DNA DNA c. Transcription; DNA mRNA Answer Which is not correctly matched? a. Translation ; mRNA proteins b. Duplication Replication; DNA DNA c. Transcription; DNA mRNA Question An RNA molecule is a polymer composed of subunits known as _____. a. Nucleotides b. Hydrogen bonds c. Deoxyribose - phosphate bonds Answer An RNA molecule is a polymer composed of subunits known as _____. a. Nucleotides b. Hydrogen bonds c. Deoxyribose - phosphate bonds Question What does the string of beads produced after the tRNA and mRNA match up produce? a. Amino acids b. Proteins c. The amino acid string forms proteins Answer What does the string of beads produced after the tRNA and mRNA match up produce? a. Amino acids b. Proteins c. The amino acid string forms proteins Question What structures are composed of RNA? Answer What structures are composed of RNA? rRNA- Ribosome mRNA rRNA Question What is the overall goal of the processes indicated? Answer What is the overall goal of the processes indicated? Produce a protein Category 4 questions follow Question Label the nitrogen bases Answer Label the nitrogen bases A-T G-C Question Identify a codon Answer Circle/label a codon a. Any 3 nitrogen bases, connected and on one side Question Label the sugars and phosphates Answer Sugars are 5 sided The phosphates are circles Question Identify a nucleotide (hint: 3 parts) Answer Identify a nucleotide • A phosphate • a deoxyribose sugar, • And 1 nitrogen base Question Where does this occur? What process is indicated? Answer Where does this occur? Ribosomes What process is indicated? Translation Category 5 questions follow Question Which of the following can NOT be found in DNA? a. adenine-guanine b. Cytosine-thymine c. Adenine-uracil d. None of these matches occur Answer Which of the following nitrogen base matches can be found in DNA? a. adenine-guanine b. Cytosine-thymine c. Adenine-uracil d. None of these matches occur Question What process is indicated? a. Transcription b. Translation c. Replication Answer What process is indicated? a. Transcription b. Translation c. Replication Question Which occurs first? a. Translation b. transcription Answer Which occurs first? a. Translation b. transcription Question Where can the rRNA and tRNA be found? a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm Answer Where can the rRNA and tRNA be found? a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm Question Which is a purine? a. Cytosine b. Thymine c. adenine Answer Which is a purine? a. Cytosine b. Thymine c. adenine