Download Strive for Five- Ch 31 Concept 31.1 Identify each of these examples

Strive for Five- Ch 31
Concept 31.1
1. Identify each of these examples of immune mechanisms as innate (I) or adaptive (A)
a. Stomach acid destroying a virus
b. T-cell destroying a virus
c. Skin preventing a virus from entering
d. Defensins destroying invaders that have plasma membranes
e. Interferons preventing viruses from spreading between neighboring cells
f. Antibodies preventing reinfection by chicken pox.
2. Describe the major difference between antibodies and the major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) proteins.
3. White blood cells can be classified as either phagocytes or lymphocytes. Explain how these are
similar and different.
Concept 31.2
4. Outline the innate immune system defenses met by a pathogen as it
a. Lands on your skin
b. Lands in your mouth
c. Is ingested in a drink of water
5. Describe natural killer cells and explain how they can be part of both innate and adaptive
immune systems.
6. Describe how the inflammation response aids in fighting infection.
7. Many people take non-prescription drugs, e.g., antihistamines, to control allergies. Explain how
these drugs can reduce an allergic response.
8. Explain how interferons are an example of cell communication. Include source and targets in our
answer.
9. Synthetic cortisol-like (agonists) drugs are often injected into swollen and painful bone-joints,
e.g., tennis elbow, pitcher’s arm, arthritic knees. Discuss how the injected cortisol agonist affects
the operations of the immune system .
10. Suppose that you were exposed to a newly synthesized “artificial” bacterium. After exposure, all
signs of the bacterium from your body were gone within 24 hours. Assume further that this
bacterium is novel enough that it does not share chemical identity signals with other bacteria.
Decide if your immune system’s victory over this bacterium was via innate or adaptive
immunity, and provide explanations of some of the ways the bacterium was defeated.
Concept 31.3
11. Describe the differences between antigens and antibodies.
12. Explain how one type of bacterium can have several antigens.
13. Explain how a single molecule (polypeptide or polysaccharide_ can include multiple antigen
sites.
14. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency is an uncommon genetic disease in which T-lymphocytes
and B-lymphocyte function is absent or greatly reduced. Describe a transplant procedure that
might establish the production of lymphocytes in such a person.
15. For a person with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, describe TWO types of disease of special
concern.
16. After winter break vacation at a boarding school, many students will get sick from the flu or
other viruses. Explain why older people are often more resistant to sickness than are younger
people.
17. Explain how humoral immunity differs from cellular identity, using a brief example of each type.
Concept 31.4
18. Although you have probably never been exposed to botulism or diphtheria or their toxins, you
are making B cells and antibodies that can recognize these antigens, and therefore help protect
you from botulism. Explain.
19. Discuss how the diversity of producing millions of different antibodies comes about, and
describe how this process is similar to the idea of introns and splicing.
20. Discuss how the involvement of antibodies leads to the destruction of foreign pathogens or
toxins.
Concept 31.5
21. Explain the role of T-helper cells and cytotoxic T cells, showing the key differences between their
actions in the immune system.
22. Explain how a flu vaccination can induce mild flu symptoms, and yet protects against a more
difficult case of the flu at a later time.
23. Some people describe allergies as an overactive immune response. Explain.