Download Immune Response

Immune Response
Vocabulary
• Immunology- the study of host defense mechanisms
• Immunity- ability of the host to protect itself against
foreign organisms. Resistance to disease.
• Antigen (Ag)- is a foreign substance that can elicit specific
immune response (IR) when is immunogenic
• Antibody (Ab)- protein produced by the body’s immune
system when it detects harmful substances called antigens
• White blood cells (leukocytes)- chief function is to protect
the body against microorganisms causing disease and fight
infection when it occurs. They are bigger than red blood
cells.
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Leukocytes (White Blood Cells (WBC))
•
Protect the body against microorganisms,
toxins, & tumor cells.
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remove dead cells & debris from body
Complete cells with all organelles
Stained & further identified by
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•
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size
shape of the nucleus
presence/absence of granules
colors taken up by their granules
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• Normal
Blood
Smear
– WBCs
account
for less
than 1%
of
blood’s
volume
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White Blood Cells (WBC)
• 5 Major types of WBC
– Neutrophils
– Eosonophils
– Basophils
– Lymphocytes (T and B Cells)
– Monocytes
• Divided into two categories
– Granuolocytes and Agranuolocytes
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Granuolocytes
• Neutrophils
– are the most common WBC in peripheral blood.
– Circulate in blood 7-10 hrs before migrating into tissue
• Live only a few days (1-2 in tissue)
– “front line of innate defense”
• 1st WBCs to show up at an infection site
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–
–
–
Increase in # used as an indicator of infection
Extravasate in inflammation rxn
Active phagocytes
Fungi
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Granuolocytes
• Eosonophils
– Defend the body in parasitic infections
• Tapeworms, hookworms, pinworms
– Function in phagocytosis
– Account for less than 5% of WBC
– Involved in allergies
• Reduce or control inflammatory response by destroying
histamine
– Red bi-lobed nucleus with red granules
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Granuolocytes
• Basophils
– Least common WBC in blood
– Non phagocytic
– Function as “sirens” for inflammation and allergy
• Produce histamine (a vasodilator) and heparin
• Large, histamine containing granules that stain dark
purple to blue
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