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DISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERS
2-Day
Mr. Pustay
AP PSYCHOLOGY
West Shore Jr. Sr. High School
DISSOCIATION
Dissociation Theory of
Hypnosis


Ernest Hilgard
Hypnosis involves dissociation,
a split in consciousness in which
one part of the mind operates
independently of the rest of
consciousness.

While one part of the mind is
subject to hypnotic suggestion,
one part is a hidden observer.
Dissociative Disorder or
Multiple Personality Disorder
Dissociative Disorders

DSM-5 describes three
specific dissociative
disorders—dissociative
identity
disorder, dissociative
amnesia,
and depersonalization/
derealization disorder—
as well as two more
general categories of
dissociative disorder—
other specified and
unspecified.
Dissociative Disorders

DSM-5 describes three
specific dissociative
disorders—dissociative
identity
disorder, dissociative
amnesia,
and depersonalization/
derealization disorder—
as well as two more
general categories of
dissociative disorder—
other specified and
unspecified.
Dissociative Disorders

Mental disorders that
involve experiencing a
disconnection and lack
of continuity between
thoughts, memories,
surroundings, actions and
identity.

People escape reality in
ways that are involuntary
and unhealthy and cause
problems with functioning
in everyday life.
Lewis R. Goldberg


is an internationally
acclaimed American
personality
psychologist and a
professor emeritus at
the University of
Oregon.
Education:
University of Michigan
& Harvard University
Dissociative Symptoms

Handout 12–13 represents the shortened
version of Lewis R. Goldberg’s The

Curious Experiences
Survey, which measures self-reported

dissociative experiences.
The CES is made up of 17 items, each
formed from a verbal phrase, expressed in
first-person format.

It was established that this approach could play
a valuable role as a measure of self-reported
dissociative experiences.
DEMONSTRATION


Demonstration
for how
individuals
worried or
confused about
their recent
experiences can
narrow what is
wrong
Complete the 17statements using
the provided
Likert Scale
Dissociative Symptoms


Total score is simply the sum of the
numbers placed before the 17 items.
Thus, scores can range
from 17
to 85, with higher scores (51 or
higher) reflecting more experience
with dissociation from time-to-time.
Dissociative Disorders

Usually develop as a
reaction to trauma and
help keep difficult
memories at bay.
Symptoms — ranging
from amnesia to
alternate identities —
depend in part on the
type of dissociative
disorder you have.

Times of stress can
temporarily worsen
symptoms, making them
more obvious.
Defenses..
Frequently used in all dissociative disorders



Repression:
Disturbing impulses are blocked from
consciousness
Denial: external reality is ignored
Dissociation (itself):
Separation & independent functioning of 1
group of mental processes from others(mental contents exist in parallel
consciousness)
Symptoms


DSM-5
Signs and symptoms depend on the type of
dissociative disorders you have, but may
include:




Memory loss (amnesia) of certain time periods,
events, people and personal information
A sense of being detached from yourself and
your emotions
A perception of the people and things around
you as distorted and unreal
A blurred sense of identity
Symptoms



Significant stress or problems in your
relationships, work or other important areas of
your life
Inability to cope well with emotional or
professional stress
Mental health problems, such as depression,
anxiety, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Amnesia



The main symptom is memory loss that's
more severe than normal forgetfulness and
that can't be explained by a medical
condition.
You can't recall information about yourself
or events and people in your life, especially
from a traumatic time.
Dissociative amnesia can be specific to
events in a certain time, such as intense
combat, or more rarely, can involve
complete loss of memory about yourself.
Dissociative Amnesia

Guy Pearce stars as a
man who, as a result
of a past trauma,
suffers from
anterograde
amnesia, the inability
to form new memories
and suffers short-term
memory loss
approximately every
five minutes.
50 First Dates
Jenny Gisby

Jenny Gisby, a 20year-old from
Nottingham, England,
suffers from the same
condition as the 20something single
woman portrayed by
Drew Barrymore — a
condition where she
deals with short-term
memory loss to the
point where she wakes
up each morning
without a clue what
took place the day
before.
Dissociative Amnesia


It may sometimes
involve travel or
confused wandering
away from your life
(dissociative
fugue).
An episode of
amnesia usually
occurs suddenly
and may last
minutes, hours, or
rarely, months or
years.
Dissociative Fuque


Forty-six-year-old Jeff
Ingram has a rare type of
amnesia called dissociative
fugue. When he has an
attack, his memory is wiped
clean and he doesn't
remember who he is or
where he's from.
Whenever he has an attack,
his wife, Penny, fears he
won't regain his love for her.
DISSOCIATIVE
DISORDERS
Day 2
Mr. Pustay
AP PSYCHOLOGY
West Shore Jr. Sr. High School
Dissociative Disorders

DSM-5 describes three
specific dissociative
disorders—dissociative
identity
disorder, dissociative
amnesia,
and depersonalization/
derealization disorder—
as well as two more
general categories of
dissociative disorder—
other specified and
unspecified.
Dissociative Disorders

Usually develop as a
reaction to trauma and
help keep difficult
memories at bay.
Symptoms — ranging
from amnesia to
alternate identities —
depend in part on the
type of dissociative
disorder you have.

Times of stress can
temporarily worsen
symptoms, making them
more obvious.
Psychological Disorder



Edna B. Foa
Why some victims
of traumatic
experiences
develop disorders
Report thoughts
after experiencing
traumatic stress or
respond in terms
of your most
upsetting life
experience you
can remember

Theorists argue
you can become
impacted

Believing the world
or your
environment is a
safe place, an/or
have difficulty in
assimilating the
experience and
therefore overaccommodate their
schemas about self
and world
Psychological Disorder

One believes the
world is unsafe
and there really
isn’t anything you
can do to change
that fact


Complete the
survey of 29 items
These will include:



Negative cognitions
about self
Negative cognitions
about the world
Self-blame
Psychological Disorder

One believes the
world is unsafe
and there really
isn’t anything you
can do to change
that fact


Complete the
survey of 33 items
These will include:



Negative cognitions
about self
Negative cognitions
about the world
Self-blame
TOTAL SCORE

The inventory also yields three subscales –
negative cognitions about the self
(statements 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17,
20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35 & 36),

negative cognitions about the world
(statements 7, 8, 10, 11, 18, 23 & 27) and

self-blame (1, 15, 19, 22 & 31).
TOTAL SCORE
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder

Formerly known as multiple personality
disorder, this disorder is characterized by
"switching" to alternate identities.


You may feel the presence of two or more
people talking or living inside your head, and
you may feel as though you're possessed by
other identities.
Each identity may have a unique name,
personal history and characteristics, including
obvious differences in voice, gender,
mannerisms and even such physical qualities as
the need for eyeglasses.
Dissociative Identity Disorder


There also are differences in how familiar
each identity is with the others.
People with dissociative identity disorder
typically also have dissociative amnesia
and often have dissociative fugue.
Most Famous Book/Movie


The story of Sybil (a
pseudonym) was
published in 1973 by
Flora Rheta Schreiber,
who worked closely for
a decade with Sybil
and her New York
psychiatrist Dr.
Cornelia B. Wilbur.
Sybil's sixteen distinct
personalities emerged
over a period of 40
years.
Dissociative Disorders







Britney Spears. ...
Adam Duritz. ...
Nicki Minaj. ...
Marilyn Monroe. ...
Lady Gaga. ...
Mel Gibson…
Herschel Walker
Kim Noble


There's Judy the
teenage bulimic,
devout Catholic,
gay Ken and over
100 more.
Artist Kim Noble
talks about living
with multiple
personality
disorder in an
interview by Oprah
Dissociative Disorder or
Multiple Personality Disorder
Depresonalization/
Derealization Disorder
DepersonalizationDerealization Disorder


This involves an ongoing or episodic sense
of detachment or being outside yourself
— observing your actions, feelings,
thoughts and self from a distance as
though watching a movie
(depersonalization)
Other people and things around you may
feel detached and foggy or dreamlike, time
may be slowed down or sped up, and the
world may seem unreal (derealization)

You may experience depersonalization,
derealization or both.
Derealization

Derealization is
associated with
depersonalization and it
is where a person feels
like the objects in his or
her environment are
changing shape or size,
like their surroundings
aren't real or that people
are inhuman or
automated.

Derealization is not a
diagnosis in its own right
but, rather, is considered
part of depersonalization.
No “Cure” for Dissociative
Disorder


While there's no "cure"
for dissociative identity disorder,
long-term treatment is very
successful, if the patient stays
committed.
Effective treatment includes talk
therapy or psychotherapy,
medications, hypnotherapy, and
adjunctive therapies such as art or
movement therapy.
When to See a Doctor

Some people with dissociative disorders
present in a crisis with traumatic
flashbacks that are overwhelming or
associated with unsafe behavior.


People with these symptoms should be seen in
an emergency room.
Less urgent symptoms that may indicate a
dissociative disorder should start with the
medical model



Primary Care Physician
Primary Care Clinic
Ongoing Psychiatrist/Psychologist
Treatment
Spontaneous recovery
 Hypnosis
 Treat comorbidity symptoms first
 Drug assisted interview
Thiopental (pentothal) / sodium
amobarbital (Amytal) or IV
benzos
 Psychotherapy

END