Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download O-Ancient Rome2 BLANKS
Document related concepts
Ancient Roman architecture wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Rome (TV series) wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Demography of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Ancient Rome World Studies Stankiewicz Veni, vidi, vici - Julius Caesar - "I came, I saw, I conquered." “Remember by your strength to rule earth’s peoples – for your arts are to be these: To pacify, impose rule of law, spare the conquered, strike down the proud.” - Virgil in the Aeneid reminding Romans of their destiny Essential Questions -1 • What are the mythical origins of Rome? • How did Italy’s geography help unite Rome? • How did the Roman Government develop? • How did Rome conquer and rule a diverse empire? • How did the diversity of the Roman Empire help the Empire flourish? Essential Questions - 2 • How did the diversity of the Roman Empire help the Roman Empire collapse? • How was Rome a bridge between the civilizations of the east and west • How does the Roman Empire Compare to the Rise of the United States? Are there similar problems faced? Mythical origins of Rome –1 • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • Father was Mars, the God of War • Mother was Rhea Silvia, daughter of the King ___________________ Mythical Origins of Rome - 2 • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • Forced Rhea Silvia to a religious order so that she would not have any children who might try to take back the throne Mythical Origins of Rome - 3 • When the boys were born, Amulius seized them, put them into a basket and threw them into the river ______________. – __________________ __________________ __________________ – But the gods spared them and they floated down the river Mythical origins of Rome - 4 Romulus and Remus were rescued by a _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ with her own milk and cared for them. Mythical Origins of Rome - 5 • Romulus and Remus grew until one day a man named _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • He took them and raised them as his own Mythical Origins of Rome - 6 • • • • • They grew up together __________________________________ __________________________________ Here’s where the story deviates One version A Version of the Birth of Rome -1 • Remus and Romulus worked hard building their Kingdom • Needed a name for the City • Argued and couldn't agree. • ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ A Version of the Birth of Rome - 2 – Remus counted six and then went to check with Romulus ---- Romulus counted twelve. The boys argued again. This time about who was telling the truth. – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ So, on April 21st in the year 753 B.C., the city called "Rome" was born Death of Remus – The boys decided to build a fence around the city to protect it from invaders. They argued again. Remus said it wasn't high enough, but Romulus insisted it was. – __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ – __________________________--- and Remus died. Sadly, Remus was only 18 years old at his death, and a King for such a short time How did Italy’s geography help unite Rome? • Italy a peninsula that looks like a boot • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Adriatic Sea between Italy and Balkan peninsula • Location helped Romans as expanded – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Italian Peninsula Red Greece Blue How did Italy’s geography help unite Rome? • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Mountains not as high • __________________________________ • City states were not as isolated How did Italy’s geography help unite Rome? Italian Alps Fertile plains Apennine Mts Fertile areas SardiniaMountainous Lowlands Roman Beginnings - 1 • _________________ _________________ – Like the Greeks • Ancestors are the ____________ • Settled along the ________________ – Small villages – Seven low lying hills that would become Rome Roman Beginnings - 2 • Romans shared peninsula with other people • _____________________________ • ________________________ (North Africans) to south and east • _____________________ adjacent and to the north – Cultural diffusion • Alphabet, gods, arch Roman Beginnings - 3 • Etruscans were driven out of Rome around 509 BC • __________________________________ • Determined never to be dominated again Roman Government Development • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Called it a “Republic” • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Roman Republic - 1 • Power was in the hands of the Senate • 300 members – _____________ • _____________ _____________ • Served for life Roman Republic - 2 • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Job is to supervise government and _________________________________ • Came from the ________________ class Consuls • Were to consult with senate on important matters • Served one term only • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ . Dictator • In the event of war the ____________ could choose a person who had complete control of the government – Dictator • _________________________________ • Then had to give up power Patricians vs Plebeians • __________________________________ __________________________________ – Made up the majority of the population – Had little power – Complained • Over time got right to elect own officials to protect their interests – Called “______________________ “ Plebeians • _________________ _________________ _________________ • Rights protected Romans expand in Italy • Attacked its neighbors and unified all of Italy by 270 BC • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Conquered people had to acknowledge Rome’s supremacy, pay taxes, supply soldiers • __________________________________ Roman Military • Well disciplined, valued loyalty, courage • _______________ • Basic unit was the _______________ • _______________ Rivalry with Carthage • ________________ ________________ ________________ • Spread its influence in the Mediterranean • ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ • m Punic Wars • _________________ _________________ • “Punic” is Latin for ________________ • 264 BC to 146 BC • 1st Punic War Rome defeated Carthage – __________________ __________________ __________________ Enter Hannibal • ____________________ ____________________ • Dedicated his life to destroying Rome • ____________________ ____________________ • Selected leader of the Carthaginian Army • m Hannibal • Set out from Spain to attack Rome • ____________________ • Went across France and over the Italian Alps to Italian peninsula Hannibal - 2 • ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ – Won battle after battle but could not take Rome – Eventually was forced back to Carthage Hannibal - 3 Battle of Zama • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • Carthage gave up all lands except those in Africa • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • m Hannibal Dies/End of Carthage • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Went after him • __________________________________ • Carthage became weaker • Eventually Rome destroyed it completely Rome Looks East • Now that Carthage is destroyed Rome sets sights on Greece and east • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Republic to Empire • __________________________________ ___________________ corruption then civil war • People feared chaos • Roman Legions often had more loyalty to their Generals than the Senate • __________________________________ __________________________________ • _________________________ Julius Caesar • Great military leader • Great ambition • Made famous for conquering Gaul (France) • Pompey, a great Roman General was a rival of Julius – Both dominated Roman politics Julius Caesar • _________________ _________________ ________________ • Died March 15, 44 BC in Rome • Celebrated Roman general, statesman, and ______________ Julius Caesar - 2 • Patrician by birth, he held the prominent posts of quaestor and praetor – Judicial magistrates and treasurers • ________________________________ • He formed the 1st Triumvirate – With Pompey and Cassius – Ruling board or commission of three men. • __________________________________ Pompey • _________________ _________________ _________________ • Rival • Lost Julius Caesar - 3 • After conducting the Gallic Wars (France and England), • _________________________________ • Crossed the Rhine (55, 53) • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Senate conservatives were wary of his increasing power, • So had Pompey Julius Caesar - 4 • When the Senate would not command Pompey to give up his command simultaneously, Caesar, against regulations, led his forces across the Rubicon River (49) between Gaul and Italy, ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Julius Caesar - 5 • Pompey fled from Italy but was pursued and defeated by Caesar in 48 • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Having followed Pompey to Egypt, Caesar became lover to Cleopatra and supported her militarily • __________________________________ __________________________________ Julius Caesar - 6 • He was named dictator for life by the Romans • __________________________________ __________________________________ – knew the Romans' dislike for kings Julius Caesar - 7 • He was in the midst of launching a series __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________ Senate House on the ides of March by conspirators led by Cassius and Brutus – Brutus was his ___________________ Murder of Caesar Cassius • Plot against Caesar • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • Committed suicide when lost • Actor playing Cassius Julius Caesar - 8 • The death of Caesar plunged Rome into a new set of Civil Wars • __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Brutus - 1 • Brutus (ca. 85-42 B.C.) • Roman statesman • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Brutus - 2 • After the murder of Caesar, Brutus went east and, in the republican cause, joined Cassius and held Macedonia with him • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • When it went against them Cassius and Brutus committed suicide Brutus - 3 • Admirers have regarded him as driven reluctantly to commit murder in order to save the republic • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Mark Antony –1 • January 14, 83 BC– August 1, 30 BC • Roman General and Politician • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Mark Antony – 2 • After Caesar's assassination formed an official political alliance with Octavian • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Marc Antony - 3 • in 31 BC. ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Mark Antony - 4 • ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ shortly thereafter. End of the Republic • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ – Means “Exalted One” Augustus Caesar - 1 • _________________ _________________ _________________ • Ruled from 31 BC to 14 AD • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Imperial Rome • Augustus created a stable government bureaucracy – Well trained civil service • ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Imperial Rome - 2 • Augustus Economic Reform – Tax system fairer – Census – Postal service – ___________________________ – Put jobless to work building roads – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Imperial Rome - 3 • Not all emperors were good • _________________ _________________ ___________ • Evil or Insane – __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Imperial Rome - 4 • Good Emperors – _______________________________ – _______________________________ Good (?) Emperor - 1 • Hadrian • Emperor AD 117 to 138 – __________________ – Somewhat lenient toward Christians – __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ • Still visible Good (?) Emperor - 2 • Marcus Aurelius – Philosopher ruler – Roman emperor from 161 to 180 AD – __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ ____________ – __________________ __________________ __________________ Imperial Rome - 4 • 200 year span between Augustus and end of Aurelius’ reign is known as ________________________(Roman Peace) • Roman rule brought dignity, order, unity and prosperity • ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ • Lots of trade to as far away regions as China Diversity in Rome - Pro • • • • • New Ideas to Rome ________________________________ Trade New conquered people in Military __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Diversity – Con • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • People saw themselves not as Romans but as hyphenated Romans • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Diversity - Con • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • If Roman Law and Roman culture is not accepted, as just society breaks down Summary • Time for test 1 Ancient Rome Part 2 World Studies Introduction • Be bwery bwery quiet • We’re discussing the fall of Rome…. Essential Questions - 1 • How did the Roman Empire expand and then begin a slow decline toward extinction? • How did the diversity of the Roman Empire help the Empire flourish? • How did the diversity of the Roman Empire help the Roman Empire collapse? • What are some theories explaining the Fall of Rome? Essential Questions - 2 • Why was Christianity persecuted in Ancient Rome? • How did Christianity Grow in the Roman Empire? • How does the Roman Empire Compare to the Rise of the United States? Are there similar problems faced? How did the Roman Empire Expand • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • Desire to spread their version of civilization • Some great leaders • _________________ _________________ _________________ Growth of the Roman Empire Roman Empire Brought Law • Probably the greatest legacy of Rome was its __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Shaped _________________________ even today Roman Law • Two systems • ______________________________ • _______________________________ Roman Civil Law • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Law of Nations • __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Eventually both __________________________________ __________________________________ Roman Law • Fostered __________________________ • Principles of Roman Law became the basis for __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Roman Law - Basic Principles -1 • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Roman Law - Basic Principles - 2 • Guilt must be established, “_________________ _________________ _________________” through evidence • Decisions should be based on _________________ _________________ _________________ Diversity in the Roman Empire • Diversity brings • __________________________________ – Religion • Greek Gods become Roman Gods – Alphabet • __________________________________ – Interaction between peoples leads to transfer of ideas Diversity in Roman Empire • Trade • __________________________________ – Conquered peoples often incorporated into Roman government and military – Rome’s values spread and seen as the way to a better life • __________________________________ • Religion • __________________________________ Diversity in Roman Empire • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Common Religion very important!! Diversity in Rome • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • There are many theories on why Rome fell • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ Religion in Rome - 1 • For the Romans, religion was first and foremost _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • A religious attitude the Romans called pietas, or piety. Religion in Rome - 2 • If religion in the Roman sense was altered the state may dissolve • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Religion in Rome - 3 • Cicero wrote that if _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Roman Life Bread and Circus ___________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Common in Rome Example of decadence Roman Life • At height of Empire Romans enjoyed things unimagined • __________________________________ • _________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ Pompeii • Mount Vesuvius erupts in 79AD • Destroys city, kills 5000 Pompeii • Casts of victims Pompeii • Agony of Pompeii The Long Decline of Rome • Rome became too big and actually had two different cultures • __________________________________ • After Marcus Aurelius died Rome began a __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Division of the Roman Empire -1 • In 284 AD, __________________________________ __________________________________ • Divided it into two parts • __________________________________ • Kept wealthier east for self • Named a co-emperor to rule west – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Division of Roman Empire Division of the Roman Empire - 2 • The Roman Empire was split not just geographically, but culturally, with a Latin Empire and a Greek one, the latter of __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Constantine - 1 • • • • In 312 gains throne Reformed _________________ _________________ – Today Istanbul Turkey • Capital of Eastern Roman Empire • _________________ _________________ Constantine Builds Constantinople Constantine’s City Constantine • Revived economy • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • Became known as the _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Theories on Why Rome Fell - 1 • ______________________________ – Over time, Church leaders became influential and took away power from the emperor – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ – "Many pagans held that the neglect of the old gods who had made Rome strong was responsible for the disasters which were overtaking the Mediterranean world.” Theories on Why Rome Fell - 2 • Invasions – Barbarian and Vandal Invasions – __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ – Germanic tribes Theories on Why Rome Fell – 3a • __________________________________ – decay in many areas – ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Theories on Why Rome Fell – 3b • _____________________________________________ • _____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ – Caused in part by: • armies on the move within the empire • armies plundering towns and farms • military-emperors sending tax collectors about the empire • squeezing more taxes from people Theories on Why Rome Fell - 4 • _________________: – By the time of Claudius II Gothicus (268-270 A.D.) the amount of silver in a supposedly 100% silver denarius was only .02%. – __________________ __________________ Theories on Why Rome Fell - 5 • Poisoning/Insanity? – ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ – Lead was associated with contraception and recognized as a deadly poison Theories on Why Rome Fell - 6 • Economy – __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ _________________. • inflation • poor management • The dole (bread and circuses), and • __________________ Christianity’s Growth • Background • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Christianity’s Growth - 2 • Most peoples at the time were Polytheistic • Worshiping Roman Gods no big deal • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • Revolted against Rome – Crushed Christianity’s Growth - 3 • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ • And key to eternal salvation • ____________________ ____________________ Christianity’s Growth - 4 • Teachings of Jesus • __________________________________ __________________________________ • Believed and accepted the 10 Commandments • __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ Christianity’s Growth - 5 • Jesus: ___________________________ • “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth • Blessed are the merciful for they will be shown mercy • Blessed are the peacemakers , for they shall be called the children of God” Christianity’s Growth - 6 • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ • Christians/Gospels say he rose again • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Christianity’s Growth - 7 • First remained a sect • _________________ • Role of Women – Many early leaders were women • _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Christianity’s Growth - 8 • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ – Gave freedom of religion • __________________________________ – Later ________________________________ Christianity the official religion of Rome Conversion of Constantine Christianity’s Growth - 9 • • • • • __________________________________ Pope – ___________________________ Bishops Priests __________________________________ __________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ Christianity’s Growth - 10 • Christianity spreads throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and eventually the Americas. • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Kept civilization functioning after fall of Rome Christianity’s Growth - 11 • __________________________________ __________________________________ ________________________________ • __________________________________ __________________________________ ________________________ (Catholics) • __________________________________ _________________________(Catholics) Christianity (Catholicism) • Influence throughout the ages unmatched • __________________________________ __________________________________ – In US alone 700 hospitals • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Christianity (Catholicism) • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • Just Chicago 2.2 million free meals yearly • __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Rome Falls but the Roman Empire Survives • Eastern Roman Empire survives until 1453AD • Western Europe plunges into the “Dark Ages” • That’s another story • How does the Roman Empire Compare to the Rise of the United States? Are there similar problems faced? Summary • Time to leave Rome. References • http://www.reference.com/browse/Julius% 20Caesar • http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/fallofro me/tp/022509FallofRomeReasons.htm • http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscien ce/fallrome.htm
