Download Name: Date: ______ Period

Name: _______________________ Date: ___________ Period: _________
Matching:
Answers
Vocabulary Term
1. Rotation
2. Waning
3. Equinox
4. Solstice
5. Solar Eclipse
6. Lunar Eclipse
7. Photosphere
8. Corona
9. Absolute Magnitude
10. Apparent
Magnitude
Definition
A Moon is between the Earth and the Sun
B Sun is at its highest point of the sky
C Actual brightness of a star if placed the
same distance away
D Surface of the Sun
E Hours of day and night are equal
F How the star’s brightness appears to us
G Outer atmosphere of the Sun
H Moon is behind the Earth
I Moon phases in which the amount of the
lighted surface seen on Earth decreases
J Turning of Earth of its axis
Use the diagram to answer questions 11-13.
11. Explain the cause of a solar eclipse.
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12. The darkest portion of the Moon’s shadow is called the
____________________.
13. Where is the penumbra found? ____________________________________.
14. Describe the orbits of the planets according to Kepler.
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Fill-in-the-blank:
Not all words will be used; some may be used more than once
4.6
Kepler
Terrestrial
Foci
Mercury Venus
Jovian
Io
Nebula
Ellipse
Europa
Kuiper
Oort
15. Scientists hypothesize that the solar system formed from part of a
__________________ of gas, ice, and dust about ____________ billion years
ago.
16. The inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are
_____________________.
17. The outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are
_____________________.
18. _________________ is the only moon that we may be able to live on.
19. _________________ has the most intense greenhouse effect.
20. _________________ and ______________have no moons.
21. Scientists now believe that Pluto is a _______________________ object.
Use the diagram below to answer numbers 22 through 26.
22. In the summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted (toward/away from) the sun.
23. Why do we experience seasons?
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24. In the Northern Hemisphere, why are daylight hours longer in the summer
than in the winter?
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25. Describe how Earth’s distance from the Sun changes throughout the year.
When is the Earth closest to the Sun? Use perihelion and aphelion in your
answer.
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26. Explain why it would be winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in
the Southern Hemisphere.
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27. Draw and label the phases of the moon. Use the terms below.
The Sun is coming from the right side of the page.
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New Moon
Waxing Crescent
1st Quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous
3rd Quarter
Waning Crescent
Complete the planet chart below by identifying two characteristics of each
planet. Then answer the questions that follow.
Planet
Characteristics
28. Venus
29. Mars
30. Jupiter
31. Saturn
32. Uranus
33. Neptune
36. Which planet is the closest to the Sun? _________________________
37. Which planet is suffering from an extreme case of the “greenhouse effect”?
Why?
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38. What is the Giant Red Spot on Jupiter?
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39. Which planets have ring systems? What are the rings made of?
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40. What is the most unique feature of the seventh planet?
41. What is unique about Pluto and its moon?
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42. Pluto is no longer considered a planet. What is its new classification? Why
was Pluto removed from the list as a planet?
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Directions: Use the HR Diagram below to answer numbers 43 through 45.
43. What are the four main categories of stars?
a.
b.
c.
d.
44. Are white dwarfs hotter or colder than red giants? Explain.
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45. The HR diagram shows the relationship between what two variables?
46. What is a nebula?
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Galaxies
Name and describe the four types of galaxies and list their subclasses.
Type of Galaxy
Description
47.
48.
49.
50.
Use the Doppler diagram below to answer numbers 51 and 52.
51. An elongated wave indicated that the object is moving (toward, away from)
another object.
52. Longer wavelengths are in the (red, blue) end of the spectrum.
53. Describe the difference between the Big Bang Theory and the Solar Nebular
Theory.
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Star Spectra
54. Which element is not represented in the star spectrum below? Explain.
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Hubble’s Law
55. How can Hubble’s Law explain the expansion of the universe?
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Kepler’s Law – Show your work!
56. Use Kepler’s Law to solve for a planet with a orbital period of 500 years.
57. Use Kepler’s Law to solve for a planet with a semimajor axis of 2.57