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Name: _______________________ Date: ___________ Period: _________ Matching: Answers Vocabulary Term 1. Rotation 2. Waning 3. Equinox 4. Solstice 5. Solar Eclipse 6. Lunar Eclipse 7. Photosphere 8. Corona 9. Absolute Magnitude 10. Apparent Magnitude Definition A Moon is between the Earth and the Sun B Sun is at its highest point of the sky C Actual brightness of a star if placed the same distance away D Surface of the Sun E Hours of day and night are equal F How the star’s brightness appears to us G Outer atmosphere of the Sun H Moon is behind the Earth I Moon phases in which the amount of the lighted surface seen on Earth decreases J Turning of Earth of its axis Use the diagram to answer questions 11-13. 11. Explain the cause of a solar eclipse. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 12. The darkest portion of the Moon’s shadow is called the ____________________. 13. Where is the penumbra found? ____________________________________. 14. Describe the orbits of the planets according to Kepler. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Fill-in-the-blank: Not all words will be used; some may be used more than once 4.6 Kepler Terrestrial Foci Mercury Venus Jovian Io Nebula Ellipse Europa Kuiper Oort 15. Scientists hypothesize that the solar system formed from part of a __________________ of gas, ice, and dust about ____________ billion years ago. 16. The inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are _____________________. 17. The outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are _____________________. 18. _________________ is the only moon that we may be able to live on. 19. _________________ has the most intense greenhouse effect. 20. _________________ and ______________have no moons. 21. Scientists now believe that Pluto is a _______________________ object. Use the diagram below to answer numbers 22 through 26. 22. In the summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted (toward/away from) the sun. 23. Why do we experience seasons? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 24. In the Northern Hemisphere, why are daylight hours longer in the summer than in the winter? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 25. Describe how Earth’s distance from the Sun changes throughout the year. When is the Earth closest to the Sun? Use perihelion and aphelion in your answer. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 26. Explain why it would be winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 27. Draw and label the phases of the moon. Use the terms below. The Sun is coming from the right side of the page. New Moon Waxing Crescent 1st Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous 3rd Quarter Waning Crescent Complete the planet chart below by identifying two characteristics of each planet. Then answer the questions that follow. Planet Characteristics 28. Venus 29. Mars 30. Jupiter 31. Saturn 32. Uranus 33. Neptune 36. Which planet is the closest to the Sun? _________________________ 37. Which planet is suffering from an extreme case of the “greenhouse effect”? Why? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 38. What is the Giant Red Spot on Jupiter? ________________________________________________________________ 39. Which planets have ring systems? What are the rings made of? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 40. What is the most unique feature of the seventh planet? 41. What is unique about Pluto and its moon? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 42. Pluto is no longer considered a planet. What is its new classification? Why was Pluto removed from the list as a planet? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Directions: Use the HR Diagram below to answer numbers 43 through 45. 43. What are the four main categories of stars? a. b. c. d. 44. Are white dwarfs hotter or colder than red giants? Explain. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 45. The HR diagram shows the relationship between what two variables? 46. What is a nebula? ________________________________________________________________ Galaxies Name and describe the four types of galaxies and list their subclasses. Type of Galaxy Description 47. 48. 49. 50. Use the Doppler diagram below to answer numbers 51 and 52. 51. An elongated wave indicated that the object is moving (toward, away from) another object. 52. Longer wavelengths are in the (red, blue) end of the spectrum. 53. Describe the difference between the Big Bang Theory and the Solar Nebular Theory. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Star Spectra 54. Which element is not represented in the star spectrum below? Explain. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Hubble’s Law 55. How can Hubble’s Law explain the expansion of the universe? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Kepler’s Law – Show your work! 56. Use Kepler’s Law to solve for a planet with a orbital period of 500 years. 57. Use Kepler’s Law to solve for a planet with a semimajor axis of 2.57