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Aim: How can mitosis lead to a disruption in homeostasis? What could have caused this? Cancer Approximately 200 types Skin cancer Lung cancer Prostate cancer Breast cancer Can you think of some? Healthy cells Grow, divide, and replace themselves during the process of mitosis. Each mitotic division leads to the development of 2 NEW healthy cells. How do cells divide by mitosis? Abnormal cell division • Sometimes, normal cells lose their ability to limit and direct their growth. They divide too rapidly and grow without any order. What happens if cells are unable to regulate the cell cycle? Cancer is a disease that is caused by loss of control of the cell cycle. Cells continue to divide uncontrollably. Cancer • Cancer: uncontrolled cell division Tumors (lumps or masses of abnormal cells) will form as a result of this uncontrolled cell division. Tumors can be either malignant (cancerous) or benign (not cancer) Metastasize Cancer cells also can spread, to other parts of the body and form new tumors. How do they spread? They spread by using the circulatory system and lymph nodes. What causes cancer? •Damage to cancers the cellsinDNA from: A third of all the UK are linked Diet Mutations - to genes, theof food increase your to ••Poor diet. Some types cell's instructions for risk, whiletheothers to have a •Certain Pathogens making proteins itseem(Viruses) needs to survive, grow protective effect. For example, a diet low in •Genetics and multiply. saturated fat, alcohol and red meat and ••UV Ultraviolet radiation Radiation (Sun) high in fiber, fruit and vegetables can • Viruses •Drugs (Tobacco) • Usually cancer is notof some cancers, such as reduce your risk inherited •Chemicals breast and colon cancer. Fruit and • Carcinogens: chemicals •Ionizing contain radiationnatural chemicals, vegetables antioxidants, that mop up free radicals: Anatomy of a Cigarette • Smoking causes a third of all cases of cancer • Cigarette smoke contains 3000 different chemicals, some of which are carcinogens. Some people have a lower risk of developing lung cancer. Their cells may be more efficient at repairing the gene damage caused by the carcinogens. Lung Cancer: Healthy Lung Cancerous Lung Treatment body physical tissues, such as breast and •Certain Surgery: prostate, require hormones to develop. When removal of the cancer originates in these tissues, it responds malignant tumor to hormones. This means that the cancer •responds Radiation: disruptsmanipulation, which to hormonal cell division includes the administration of hormones, the of hormones, or interference with •withdrawal Chemotherapy: hormone function. For example, by using drugs that prevent cell chemicals that block the action of these division by interfering hormones, it is possible to slow down, or even with mitosis stop, the growth of cancer cells