Download Cancer - Manhasset Schools

What could have caused this?
Cancer
Approximately 200 types
Lung cancer
Skin cancer
Breast cancer
Can you think of some?
Prostate
cancer
1) Healthy cells
• Grow, divide, and
replace themselves
during the process
of mitosis. Each
mitotic division
leads to the
development of 2
NEW healthy cells.
How do cells divide by mitosis?
How is the cell cycle regulated?
Controls on Cell Division
– Experiments show that normal
cells will reproduce until they
come into contact with other
cells.
– When cells come into contact
with other cells they respond by
not growing.
– This demonstrates that controls
on cell growth and division can
be turned on and off
How is the cell cycle regulated?
Cell Cycle Regulators
– The cell cycle is regulated by a
specific protein.
– The amount of this protein in
the cell rises and falls in time
with the cell cycle.
– Scientists called this protein
cyclin because it seemed to
regulate the cell cycle.
– Cyclins regulate the timing of
the cell cycle in eukaryotic
cells.
Check Points
hhmi Biointeractive
http://www.hhmi.org/bi
ointeractive/eukaryotic
-cell-cycle-and-cancer
2) Abnormal cell division
• Sometimes, normal cells
lose their ability to limit and
direct their growth. They
divide too rapidly and
grow without any order.
What happens if cells are unable to regulate the
cell cycle?
Cancer is a disease that is
caused by loss of control of the
cell cycle.
Cells continue to divide
uncontrollably.
Cancer
• Cancer: uncontrolled
cell division
• Tumors (lumps or masses
of cancerous cells) will
form as a result of this
uncontrolled cell division.
Tumors can be either
malignant (spread dangerous) or benign
(can’t spread – safe)
Metastasis
They spread by using
the circulatory system
and lymph nodes.
Cancer cells also
can spread, to
other parts of the
body and form
new tumors.
How do they
spread?
7) What causes cancer?
•Damage to the cells DNA from:
• Mutations - to genes, the
•Poor
Diet
cell's instructions
for
making the proteins it
•Certain
Pathogens
needs to survive,
grow (Viruses)
and multiply.
•Genetics
• Ultraviolet radiation
• •UV
Viruses
Radiation (Sun)
• Usually cancer is not
inherited(Tobacco)
•Drugs
• Carcinogens: chemicals
Anatomy of a Cigarette
• Smoking causes a third of
all cases of cancer
• Cigarette smoke contains
3000 different chemicals,
some of which are
carcinogens. Some
people have a lower risk
of developing lung cancer.
Their cells may be more
efficient at repairing the
gene damage caused by
the carcinogens.
Lung Cancer:
Healthy Lung
Cancerous Lung
What is “x”?
8) Treatment
• Surgery: physical
removal of the
malignant tumor
• Radiation: disrupts
cell division
• Chemotherapy:
drugs that prevent cell
division by interfering
with mitosis
Amoeba Sisters
Cell Cycle and Cancer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpAa4TWjHQ4