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The Renaissance 1300-1600 Middle Ages Renaissance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Church Has Control Interest in Church Afterlife Rise in Nobles $ through land Knights Power of Feudal Lords Religious Art Self-sufficient Flat Art Arches and Spires Stiff sculpture Symbolic Books/Religion in Latin Monarchy/Central Control Interest in Rome/Greece Daily life/ life here Rise in Middle Class Raise $ through taxes Hired soldiers (mercenaries) Power of Country/Monarchy Secular Art Focus on trade Life-like, captivating Domes and Columns Life-like sculpture Realistic Art Books printed in vernacular, more educated • Italy was not unified- It was broken into several city-states – It was wealthy and successful • Social difference: wealth and ability mattered more than titles and ownership of land • Wealthy merchants and bankers replaced the nobles for power • 1- wealthy merchants and bankers • 2-shopkeepers and artisans • 3-peasants 1 2 3 • Wealthy families ruled the government in Italy. They got their wealth through trading and banking • Renaissance fighting differed from Medieval fighting because leaders used hired soldiers to fight- they also did more negotiating – In Italy they decide no 1 city-state could have more power than the others • Florence, Rome, and Venice were the 3 most important cities during the Italian Renaissance • Florence – Ruled by the Medici – It was the birthplace of the Renaissance • Rome – Replaced Florence as the leading city in 1500 – Popes and cardinals were the most powerful class • Venice – Trade made it powerful and attractive – Had a republican form of government headed by a Doge (Duke) • Real power was the wealthy merchants • Renaissance architecture returned to a classic style with domes and columns instead of arches and spires – Filippo Brunelleschi- created a large, strong dome- considered the greatest engineering feat of all time • Artists of all kinds started taking credit for their work • Sculpture was not as stiff and stylizedmore realistic • Northern Renaissance – Italian ideas came from war, trade, travel, and printing – Took a more religious tone – William Shakespeare and Thomas More (Utopia) were/are two of the most important writers Changes in the Arts (#33) • Techniques and styles of Ancient Greece and Rome • Painting and sculptures more realistic and lifelike • Some was secular, some were religious • Writers used vernacular • Praised individual achievement Changes in Society (#34) • Printing made more information available and inexpensive • More books= increased desire for learning and increased literacy • Published new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries • Published legal proceedings made laws clear, more understanding of rights • Christian humanists’ reforms changed views about how life should be • People began to questions political structures and religious practices