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THE CHESSBOARD MANIA 2 “CHESSBOARD MANIA 2.0” • • • • • • • • The class will be divided into 4 groups. Each student per group will be assign to a number which will also counterpart to a same number in the opposing team. So, if Team A have no.1 in their group, Team B, C and D will also have a no.1 number in their team. The goal of the game is to send Team’s symbol in the opponent’s final base in 6x 6 chessboard. Team A symbol is circle, Team B is star, C is heart and D is triangle Each round, there will be an assigned team member who will answer the projected question. First, one to raise his/her hand & answer correctly will be given a chance to move a single step (either slanting or diagonal) the team’s symbol leading towards reaching opponent team’s base. At the point that your team’s symbol will reach opponent’s initial based twice even without reaching the final opponent's based your team will be declared as winner for that game. Every game a team will win is a point added to the next summative test Every game a group will be given a special power to eat/ kill once the opposing teams symbol. “BUT YOU CAN OPEN YOUR OWN NOTEBOOK OR TEXTBOOK” BORROWING IS NOT ALLOWED YOUR TEAM WILL BE DISQUALIFIED AND MUST MOVE A STEP BACKWARD IF THE TEAM WILL NOT FOLLOW GENERAL INSTRUCTION ANCIENT ROME INTRODUCTION According to the Roman legend, Rome was founded by 2 brothers after they were raised by a she-wolf. One of the two brothers was named Remus, what “R” is the name of the other brother said to be founder of Rome? LESSON ONE: ROME’S BEGINNINGS I. Legend a. Roman legend claimed that brothers, Romulus and Remus founded Rome after they were raised by a she-wolf. QUESTIONS Like Greece, early Rome is bounded with mountain ranges. What “A” is this mountain range located at the northern part of Italy? Rome is also surrounded by bodies of water including seas like Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, and Adriatic Sea. No wonder, Romans engage themselves with trading. What “T” was the most important river aside from Po River because foreign ships could bring goods up the river to Rome? II. LANDFORMS AND BODIES OF WATER IN ROME a. Mountainous b. Longest coastlines c. Surrounded by Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, and Adriatic Sea IV. TRADING Tiber River was important because foreign ships could bring goods up the river to Rome. QUESTIONS What “E” are these tribes from Asia Minor & took over Rome in 6 000 BCE ? What “G” is the civilization in which Romans & Etruscans borrowed their alphabet? Who is this “B”, the ruler of Roman Empire which forced the Etruscans out of the Rome? QUESTIONS WHAT “A” IS SEEN IN THE PICTURE BELOW THAT WAS BUILT. DURING THE ETRUSCANS INVASION & BECAME ONE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION OF ROMANS? V. ETRUSCANS a. Etruscans took over Rome about 600 B.C. aqueducts- structures that carry flowing water to supply water to cities. b. The Romans resented Etruscan rule. Junius Brutus forced the Etruscans out of Rome and became the new leader. LESSON 2 OUTLINE QUESTIONS What “N” means strong devotion to one’s country? Often times, Romans described themselves as that for being proud & loyal to its homeland. What “P” were called common people during Ancient Rome because 90% of the population came from this class? What “P” comprises 10% of people in Rome? Mostly this class were the upper class, nobility & landowners. LESSON 2-THE ROMAN REPUBLIC I. Nationalism a. Romans were proud of their soldiers and loyal to their homeland. Told many war hero stories to raise pride and nationalism- a strong devotion to one’s country. II. Two Groups of Citizens a. patricians – rich and powerful b. plebeians – common people, 90% of the people. patricians soldier and slave plebeians farmer/craftsmen QUESTIONS What ”R” is the form of government of Ancient Rome in which citizens have the right to vote, or choose their leaders? What “C” are the administrators of laws during the Ancient Rome? What “S” is a way how the upper class (patricians) ruled the government in Roman Republic? III. REPUBLIC a. Citizens have the right to vote, or choose their leaders b. Elected officials represented the people in the Senate (governing body) c. At first the Senate made up of patricians. d. Each year two patricians were elected as consuls (officials for the government and army) QUESTIONS Who are these “S” which are NOT a citizen of ancient Rome but are part of the class structure? What “D” is appointed by consuls during time of crisis & has absolute power but only within 6 months in service? What “L” is a type of power Roman women had? IV. CITIZENSHIP a. Slaves and most foreigners were NOT citizens. b. Women WERE citizens with limited power. i. could not vote or hold public office ii. property, testify in court and play major roles in government. Patricians QUESTIONS What “C” is this assembly which chose censor, who registered for tax & voting purposes? What “V” is the power of plebeians to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act of the government that may threatened their rights? What “T” were elected by Assembly of Tribes, which were men who were appointed to protect the rights of the plebeians What “T” is Rome’s first written law code during 451 BCE? V. ASSEMBLIES AND TRIBUNES a. Assembly of Centuries and Tribes TRIBUNES a.men who were appointed to protect the rights of the plebeians b. set up to protect plebeians from the harsh treatment from patricians ROMAN EXPANSION QUESTIONS What “L” is this league created by Romans & Latin tribes held to defend its territories? What “C” is this citystate in North Africa to which Roman empire fought in 3 wars to a struggle for western Mediterranean control? Who is this “H” a Carthaginian general who invaded at Cannae in southern Italy on 216 CE? Who were these “G” the second tribe which invade Rome during 4th century? They are fierce warriors from France & Northern Italy. Who is this “P”, King of Epirus; defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses? Latin League Gauls destroyed Rome Roman army attacked Etruscans Greeks asked helped to Pyrrhus, defeated Roman army with 25 000 men and 20 elephants Pyrrhic Victory- costly victory Built military roads – Appian Way Expansion of territories until Southern part of Italy VI. CARTHAGE a. City-state located in North Africa. b. Had a large and powerful navy and one of the strongest armies. VII. ROME AND CARTHAGE a. Rome and Carthage fought three times in the battles called the Punic Wars. i. Wars lasted a total of 120 years and the Romans won all three wars. b. 1st War of the Punic Wars- fought over land off the coast of Italy, Sicily c. 2nd War of the Punic Wars- MOST FAMOUS OF THE THREE i. Hannibal (Carthaginian general) took his army across the Alps on elephants and surprised the Romans. ii. The Romans were saved when Scipio Africanus(Roman General) attacked Carthage and Hannibal had to rush back home to Carthage to help. d. 3rd War of the Punic Wars- Romans captured and destroyed Carthage i. surviving Carthaginians were sold into slavery and Rome controlled the entire Western Mediterranean region. VIII. CONQUERED PLACES a.Romans tried to keep people happy and patriotic (loyal to Rome). i. Granted Roman citizenship to people they conquered QUESTIONS Who is this “G”, killed himself after his supporters were killed by wealthy Romans after passing a bill on land reforms ? Who is this “S” a dictator who made changes by abolishing the power by tribunes? Who is this “T”, proposed a law that would divide farmlands gained in war among the out-of-work farmers? IX. EFFECTS OF WAR ON ROME a. Money came to Rome but only the patricians were wealthier. i. Plebeians lost jobs to wartime slaves ii. farmland and homes were destroyed because of fighting iii. This angered the plebeians “Civil War” b. Land reforms by Gracchus Brothers c. Decline of republic QUESTIONS d. Making of triumvirate Who is this “J” honoured as dictator for life by the Roman Senate? Expanded Roman territory over France and Belgium Who is this “P” a member of the very first triumvirate, & whom Caesar fought his army & won the battle of Pharsalia in 48 BCE? What is the last “V” Caesar said as a report after proceeding a revolt in Asia Minor & returning to Rome? X. JULIUS CAESAR ” a. Won battle between two other Roman generals and was made a ruler for life. b. January 10, 49 BCE- “crossing the rubicon” c. March 15, 44 BCE- “Ides of March”-Brutus and Cassius d. Octavian & Anthony (Rome VS Egypt)- Battle of Actium On March 15, Julius Caesar was stabbed on the Senate floor. LESSON 3 OUTLINE The Roman Empire QUESTIONS What “P” is also known as Period of Peace & Prosperity in Ancient Rome? Who is this “D” known as the last barracks emperor, devising a tetrarchy? Who is this “A” which his name meant highly-honored-all rolled in one person? Who is this “M”, the philosopher-emperor who wrote the most famous Meditations? I. AUGUSTUS a. b. c. d. Emperor of Rome who stabilized Rome after Julius Caesar’s death and the civil war Centralized the government and improved the economy Began a long period of peace called Pax Romana (Roman Peace). i. 200 YEARS OF PEACE Made people conquered by Rome loyal to Rome i. this united the Roman Empire i. ii. Roman Empire spread eastward and westward ii. on three continents. II. GOOD AND BAD EMPERORS a. Although there were many good emperors, there were also bad emperors. i. Period of bad emperors lasted for thirty years until Marcus Aurelius. b. “Five Good Emperors” i. more stable leadership led to 84 years of peace and prosperity ii. Marcus Aurelius was the last and greatest emperor of this time. QUESTIONS What “L” is the unifying language of Romans? What “R” are Romans greatest contribution to modern-day government for it adheres people’s equality? What “C” is the most famous Roman arena? IV. CONQUERED PEOPLE (THE PEOPLE THE ROMANS TOOK OVER) a. b. c. All spoke their own language and Latin The conquered people also had citizenship Local leaders were allowed to remain in power i. This led to the empire being united! V. ROMAN LAW (SIMILAR TO U.S. LAW) THAT ALL PEOPLE COULD FOLLOW: a. b. c. d. e. All free people have equal rights. A person is innocent until he or she is proven guilty. Accused people should be allowed to face their accusers and defend themselves. Judges must interpret the law and make decisions fairly. People have rights that no government can take away. The Twelve Tables were laws engraved on tablets and put on display in the Forum in Rome for everyone to see, so they could be understood by all of the citizens of Rome. VI. ROMAN CULTURE a. The Colosseum is the most famous Roman arena. It held the following events: i. gladiator fights (most important), plays and religious ceremonies LESSON 4 OUTLINE The Rise of Christianity QUESTIONS What “M” is describe as belief in one god? What ‘C” is a religion based on the teaching of Jesus Who is this “C”, an emperor, made Christianity equal to all other religions and outlawed the persecutions. ? Who is this “T”, an emperor, divided Roman empires into east and west? I. CHRISTIANITY a. A religion based on the teaching of Jesus (who was a Jewish man). II. Jesus’ beliefs (monotheistic) a. believed that God loved everyone b. wanted people to be kind to one another c. he preached about forgiveness and mercy III. JESUS IS CRUCIFIED a. Jesus was crucified because local leaders thought his message would upset Roman rulers. b. After his death disciples spread Jesus’ teachings and Christianity continued to spread. c. Peter and Paul were the most famous disciples. IV. PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS At first Christians were persecuted because they refused to worship the emperor as a god. b. Emperor Constantine succeeded Diocletian made Christianity equal to all other religions and outlawed the persecutions. Made Constantinople as center of Roman Empire c. Theodosius divided Rome East- Arcadius Eastern Roman Empire (BYZANTINE) West- Honorius Western Roman Empire (ROMAN) a. LESSON 5 OUTLINE Rise and Fall QUESTIONS Who is this “A” , leader of the Huns who pressed down the Slavs making riches of Rome be in their hands? Who is this ‘O”, a Germanic barbaric tribe leader who became the first Roman emperor? What “A” is the battle near the Black Sea where the Visigoths defeated Roman legion? Slavs-> Huns headed by Attila-> Visigoths (Battle of Adrianople)-> Vandals -------- Odoacer QUESTIONS What “M” also known as hired soldiers& were not loyal to the Roman Empire? If Roman catholic Church has Apostle’s Creed, what ‘N” is the creed for Eastern Orthodox Church? If Roman Catholic Church has Pope, what “P” is the head of Eastern Orthodox Church? EMPERORS FOR SALE I. Emperors a. Most Emperors after Marcus Aurelius cared about increasing their wealth and power not the welfare of the Roman Empire. II. Choosing a New Ruler a. Mercenaries (hired soldiers) were not loyal to the Roman Empire. ii. Mercenaries allowed their own tribes to attack Rome, especially German tribes. c. Roads were unsafe and trade decreased. V. DIFFERENCES AMONG THE EMPIRES a. Eastern part of the empire was strong and rich; capital city was Constantinople. i. Emperor was the head of the church-Byzantine Orthodox Church. b. Western part of the empire was weak and poor; capital city was Rome. i. Pope was the head of the church-the Roman Catholic Church. VII. ROME FALLS a. As Rome declined, the Byzantine Empire became even more prosperous. b. When Rome fell, the Byzantine Empire became the center of Roman Power.