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The Middle Ages In Europe 500 AD – 1500 AD PART I Change over time Things do not stay the same What is life? Is it always the same? What is history? The Roman Empire Split (285 AD) The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (480) The Middle Ages in Europe Legacy of Rome Classical Heritage of Rome The great past (the Idea of the Empire) Roman Catholic Church (1054) The Great Schism Pope over Kings Germanic Tribes Pagan, not Roman Rome Fell, Now What? No Central Authority No Emperor The Church (Pope) & local nobles had authority No Central Roman law. Instead, local traditions. Trade Disrupted Invasions = not good for business People lost wealth and $$$ Cities Fell Apart, People Moved No central authority > People move to countryside and become farmers Rome Fell, Now What? Learning and Language Declined Latin and Greek died Only Priests and Officials could read Other Languages Grew Growth of German Cultures and Languages Invaders of Rome = Germanic Tribes Spoke Germanic languages No written language Today’s languages started to take shape The Middle Ages In Europe 500 AD – 1500 AD PART I Spread of Christianity in Europe Spread of Christianity in Europe Kings became Christian > Their people followed Christianity Missionaries spread Christianity too Monasteries Religious Communities Monks/ Nuns Benedict =Rules for Monks Scholastica =Rules for Nuns Education (Schools/Libraries) Copying Books (Illuminated manuscript) Spread of Christianity in Europe The Pope Bishop of Rome Headquarters at the Vatican (in Rome) Leader of the Catholic Church worldwide Elected by other bishops (Church leaders) Pope Gregory I (r. 590-604) Gave the Catholic Church secular (worldly) power (POLITICS) Had armies, helped the poor, fixed roads, made treaties Wanted to have a spiritual Kingdom under the Pope in Europe Clovis and the Franks Clovis was a King Area of modern France and Switzerland Late 400s- early 500s Appealed to God before battle Had all soldiers baptized after battle to become Christians United all the Franks with battle and Church support LINK BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE King Clovis Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom The Franks: Politics without Rome Without Roman Empire> Many small Kingdoms The Franks had the largest kingdom Charles Martel (the Hammer) Ruled the Frankish Kingdom in early 700s Kept Muslims from invading France Began the Carolingian Dynasty Pepin the Short Ruled the Frankish Kingdom in late 700s Allies with the Pope Sons Carloman and Charles Charlemagne (Charles the Great) Built great empire with army Spread Christianity Reunited Western Europe (over 300 yrs after Romans) Protected the Pope Pope gave title “Roman Emperor” December 25, 800 Church meets Germanic Tribes meets Roman Empire Kept nobles under control (checking in) Supported Education (Carolingian Renaissance) Built palace as his capital in Aachen, Germany Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom Charlemagne’s Empire (811) After Charlemagne Died in 814 Land went to his son Louis the Pious Louis gave land to his sons (Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German) These three fought often for control Treaty of Verdun (843) Divided land between sons The end of this empire led to Feudalism and small local governments Charlemagne’s Empire After Death (843) Carolingian Renaissance