Download The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages
In Europe
500 AD – 1500 AD
PART I
Change over time
Things do not stay the same
What is life?
Is it always the same?
What is history?
The Roman Empire Split (285 AD)
The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (480)
The Middle Ages in Europe
 Legacy of Rome
 Classical Heritage of Rome
 The great past (the Idea of the Empire)
 Roman Catholic Church
 (1054) The Great Schism
 Pope over Kings
 Germanic Tribes
 Pagan, not Roman
Rome Fell, Now What?
 No Central Authority
 No Emperor
 The Church (Pope) & local nobles had authority
 No Central Roman law. Instead, local
traditions.
 Trade Disrupted
 Invasions = not good for business
 People lost wealth and $$$
 Cities Fell Apart, People Moved
 No central authority > People move to
countryside and become farmers
Rome Fell, Now What?
 Learning and Language Declined
 Latin and Greek died
 Only Priests and Officials could read
 Other Languages Grew
 Growth of German Cultures
and Languages
 Invaders of Rome = Germanic Tribes
 Spoke Germanic languages
 No written language
 Today’s languages started to take shape
The Middle Ages
In Europe
500 AD – 1500 AD
PART I
Spread of Christianity in Europe
Spread of Christianity in Europe
 Kings became Christian > Their people
followed Christianity
 Missionaries spread Christianity too
 Monasteries
 Religious Communities
 Monks/ Nuns
 Benedict =Rules for Monks
 Scholastica =Rules for Nuns
 Education (Schools/Libraries)
 Copying Books (Illuminated manuscript)
Spread of Christianity in Europe
 The Pope
 Bishop of Rome
 Headquarters at the Vatican (in Rome)
 Leader of the Catholic Church worldwide
 Elected by other bishops (Church leaders)
 Pope Gregory I (r. 590-604)
 Gave the Catholic Church secular (worldly) power
(POLITICS)
 Had armies, helped the poor, fixed roads, made treaties
 Wanted to have a spiritual Kingdom under the Pope in
Europe
Clovis and the Franks
 Clovis was a King
 Area of modern France and
Switzerland
 Late 400s- early 500s
 Appealed to God before
battle
 Had all soldiers baptized
after battle to become
Christians
 United all the Franks with
battle and Church support
 LINK BETWEEN CHURCH
AND STATE
King Clovis
Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom
The Franks: Politics without Rome
 Without Roman Empire> Many small Kingdoms
 The Franks had the largest kingdom
 Charles Martel (the Hammer)
 Ruled the Frankish Kingdom in early 700s
 Kept Muslims from invading France
 Began the Carolingian Dynasty
 Pepin the Short
 Ruled the Frankish Kingdom
in late 700s
 Allies with the Pope
 Sons Carloman and Charles
Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
 Built great empire with army
 Spread Christianity
 Reunited Western Europe (over 300 yrs after Romans)
 Protected the Pope
 Pope gave title “Roman Emperor”
 December 25, 800
 Church meets Germanic Tribes meets Roman Empire
 Kept nobles under control (checking in)
 Supported Education (Carolingian Renaissance)
 Built palace as his capital in Aachen, Germany
Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom
Charlemagne’s Empire (811)
After Charlemagne
 Died in 814
 Land went to his son Louis the Pious
 Louis gave land to his sons (Lothair, Charles the Bald,
and Louis the German)
 These three fought often for control
 Treaty of Verdun (843)
 Divided land between sons
 The end of this empire led
to Feudalism and small
local governments
Charlemagne’s Empire After Death (843)
Carolingian Renaissance