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KEY____________________ Chapter 13 Review Sheet As always, this is not all inclusive. You are responsible for all of the material you read and took notes on. 1) Germanic Kingdoms What happens in Western Europe? (Downfall) Dark Ages decrease in learning, decrease in trade, increase in warfare All Roman glory was gone Barbarians were uneducated Loss of a common language Clovis King who united the Franks Converted to Christianity This showed the partnership of 2 powerful forces Christianity Monasteries and Missionaries Religious communities that monks lived in a. Best educated, ran schools and libraries i. Last bit of Roman glory saved by the church Spread Religion Expansion of Church power Involved in politics Negotiate treaties Pope’s palace was the center of Roman government Used church funds used to raise armies, repair roads, help poor Charles Martel Won the battle of Tours against the Muslims Most powerful person in the kingdom Expanded Frankish territory His son was Pepin the Short a. Crowned “King by Grace of God” b. Started the Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne Son of Pepin the Short/ Grandson of Charles Martel Crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by Pope Leo III Conquered more land to the South and the East and spread Christianity After his death his sons lost control of the empire a. Eventually signed the Treaty of Verdun to split into 3 territories KEY____________________ 2) Fedualism How does it evolve? Evolves from fear and need for protection Different roles of people Lords-landowner Vassals-lesser lords/given land by lords/ worked for the lords-sometimes as knights Knights-protection Serfs-workers Manorialism Economic system of the manor Self-sufficent Knights and Chivalry Fight for 3 people Heavenly Lord, Earthly Lord, Chosen Lady Protect Weak and Poor 3) The Power of the Church Church structure Clergy(Pope, Bishops, Priests) Local Priests were contact for the people Church Laws Sacraments Otto I Most effective Ruler of Medieval Germany Gained the support of the Church Invaded Italy on the Pope’s behalf Eventually-Pope and Italians resented him and the German power Politics and the Church clashing Banning of lay investiture by Pope Gregory Less powers for the nobles, more for the church Frederick I Claimed his land to be the Holy Roman Empire It was patchwork of feudal territories Could never regain Charlemagne’s empire Clashed with the Pope