Download Middle Ages: 500 C.E. * 1500 C.E.

Middle Ages: 500 C.E. – 1500
C.E.
CH. 13
Invasions Trigger Change

Germanic invaders attacked the Roman Empire
beginning in the 5th century..how did it affect the nowfallen empire?

Disruption of trade
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Downfall of cities
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Population shifts
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Decline of learning
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Increase in languages
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Roman Law
Germanic Law
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Loyalty to public government
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Loyalty to family ties
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Written law code
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No written law codes
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Citizenship
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Oral traditions
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Emperor/Caesar
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Warrior society
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Chiefdoms
Kingdom of the Franks
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Kingdom under Clovis
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Converted kingdom to Christianity
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Roman church supported and helped Clovis invade other
Germanic kingdoms
Religion in Frankish Kingdom

Christian
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Built Monasteries
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Became centers of learning and education
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Government centered in Rome
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Gregory 1: broadened authority of the Pope; became secular
European Empire Evolves

Most of “Europe” had splintered into tiny kingdoms; exception Frankish
Kingdom which grew to modern-day France

Charles Martel: palace mayor, defeated the Muslims at Battle of Tours

Pepin the Short: son of Martel, became king with cooperation of the Pope,
began the Carolingian dynasty

Charlemagne: Charles the Great, re-built the Roman Empire, took the title
of “Holy Roman Emperor”
Charlemagne’s Achievements

Spread Christiniaty
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Solidified relations bw Church and State
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Lilmited authority of nobility

Expanded education throught empire
Individual Work/Homework

Finish Ch. 13 using the SQR Method

Scan, Question, Read
Age of Feudalism

Why? Invasions!

New Social Order emerges

Manor System = Economic System
Invasions disrupt order


Charlemagne's Empire destroyed by various nomadic invasions

Vikings: descended from Scandinavia, sea-faring acted as traders, farmers,
explorers

Magyars: nomadic tribe from the East, captured people to be sold as slaves

Muslims: struck from the South, disrupted trade
Result: Centralized power broke down, local rulers gained power, military
power became important
Feudal Structure

A political and social system based on mutual obligations

Lord controls land, grants a fief to a vassal in exchange for military
protection

Three classifications:


Those who fought: nobles and knights

Those who prayed: clergy
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Those who worked: peasants and serfs

Social class was inherited
Serfdom: at the bottom of the social class, labor similar to slaves but could
not be bought or sold.
Manor System

The Economic system of Middle Ages

The Manor = the Lord’s estate, included farmlands, market, church,
serf/peasants homes

Peasants rarely left the manor, paid taxes on all aspects of life; marriage,
education, grinding flour, crops, medical necessities
The Church Wields Power

Combined spiritual and political powers

Unifying force for Medieval Europe
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Conflicts: Church vs State
Church structure

Similar to Feudalism

Power was based on status amongst the clergy

Pope -> bishops -> local priests
Religion Unifies Europe

Church provided a sense of security during turmoil

Bonded social divisions of the Manor system

Local church held importance as social center
Church as Government

Canon Law: law of the church, abided by all Medieval Christians

Established courts, punishments

Ex-communication: used as the ultimate punishment and threat against
Kings
Church and HRE


Otto the Great: Most effective ruler of Germany

Imitated Charlemagne

Formed close alliance with the Pope
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Used church power to defeat German princes
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Invaded Italy: crowned Emperor
Holy Roman Empire: German-Italian Empire

Resented by Italian nobles

Later Pope’s believed German rulers too powerful
Clash of Power
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Lay Investiture: the power of kings and nobles to appoint church officials

Banned by Pope Gregory IV in 1075

Henry IV ex-communicated by Gregory
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Canossa: Gregory forgives Henry

Concordant of Worms: Only the church can grant a Bishop his title,
Emperor has power to veto the appointment

Results: German princes gained back much of their power lost under Otto
the Great
Frederick I
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Ruler of Germany, 1152

Repeatedly invaded cities of Italy

Italian merchants + Pope vs. Frederick , defeated Germany in 1176

Results: German princes continued the weak royal authority, fell behind
England and France in establishing centralized control.