Download Ch 13-14 Notes - Leon County Schools

Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
500 – 1500
Section 1
“Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms”
Germanic Kingdoms 400 AD – 700 AD
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Farmers & Herders
No ____________________ or laws
Carved up ____________________
___________________ - most successful Germanic group
___________________ - king of the Franks, converted to Christianity
Monks and Nuns
• Could withdraw from ___________________ life to monasteries and
convents
Benedictine Rule
• 520- Benedict made rules for _____________ & _____________ that
established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church
• Took oath of ________________________
• Main duties- ______________________ & worship
• Also manual ______________ - worked fields
Charles Martel
• ____________________ swept from the Middle East
• Battle of _____________ (732) - Frankish warriors defeated Muslim army.
• _______________________ between two religions
The Age of Charlemagne
• In 800, his _______________________ stretched across France, Germany &
Italy.
• Encouraged _____________________
Pope Leo III
• Called on ___________________________________ to help with rebellious
Romans
• ______________________________________ was crowned emperor
• Eastern Roman emperor thought this was ____________________
• Widened the _____________ between Eastern & Western Rome
Charlemagne’s Heirs
• Charlemagne died in 814 & empire fell apart
• 843- Treaty of ___________________ - split the empire into 3 parts.
Chapter 13 Section 2
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
Vi k i n g s
• Expert sailors & fighters from ________________________________
• ____________________ and burned cities - wanted resources
• They were also traders and __________________________
• 1000 A.D.- ___________________________ set up a Viking colony on N. America
New Attacks
• Late 800’s - Muslims captured ___________________
• 896- Magyars invaded Europe & eventually settled modern day ________________
A New System of Rule
The Manor
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Manor - lord’s ____________________
Peasants & serfs were bound to the _____________
Worked for lord in return for ________________________
The Manor was __________________________________
Daily Life
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Peasants - life was ___________
Worked ______________ hours
Ate __________________ foods
___________________ common in winter
Celebrated marriages, births etc.
Attended __________________
Believed in ___________________, love potions, magic charms, witches
Chapter 13 Section 3
The Age of Chivalry
• Chivalry - a code of ____________________
• Brave, loyal, true to and, generous to enemies
• ___________________ protected and cherished
The World of Warriors
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_______________ - warrior on horseback
At age _________ sent to lord’s castle for training
Dubbed “knight” at age __________
Tournaments & contests: Why? _____________________________________
Castles
• Lords __________________ homes to withstand attack
• High wall, towers, drawbridges, & ______________
• Stored food and water to withstand long ______________
Noblewomen
• _____________ became the lord of the manor while husband off fighting
• Duties: spin & weave cloth & supervise __________________
• Expected to have many children and be loyal to her
________________________
Chapter 13 Section 4
The Power of the Church
Split of Church
Western
Eastern
Pope
Emperor
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox
Church Hierarchy
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_______________________________
Pope, Archbishops, & Bishops
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Lords & Knights
______________________________
Authority of the Church
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All people are ____________________
Only way to avoid hell was to participate in the ________________ - sacred rituals
Canon Law - church laws and ___________________
_______________________________ - could not receive the sacraments
________________ - excluded entire town or region from receiving the sacraments
Paid ____________________ - tax 1/10 of income, used to help poor
The Holy Roman Empire
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936- Otto I
Roman Empire of the German Nation = _____________ Roman Empire
Lay-investiture: ______________________________________________
Many conflicts between kings & ___________________
Chapter 14 Section 1
Church Reform & the Crusades
Crusades
• Byzantine Emperor asked the pope for help fighting the ______________
• Pope __________________ II agreed despite rivalry
• Called for a crusade to free the ______________________________
Taking up the Cross
• “Dues lo volt!”- __________ wills it
• Thousands of knights left for the ____________________________
• Became known as ________________________
Massacre in Jerusalem
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Crusaders fought for _________ years
1st crusade captured _______________________________
2nd & 3rd __________ able to capture the Holy Land
4th crusade helped the Venetians capture __________________________________
- looted the capital.
Impact of the Crusades
Negative:
• _______________________ to conquer the Holy Lands
• _______________________ among different religions
Positive:
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Increased ______________
• ____________________ power reached its height (short-lived)
• Increased power of feudal _____________________________
• Encouraged a ___________________ economy
• Wider world ______________
Chapter 14 Section 3
England & France Develop
800-1500
Strong Monarchs in England
The Anglo-Saxon King __________________ died w/out an heir.
2 people claim the throne:
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_____________________, Edward’s brother-in-law
Duke __________________ of Normandy
William raised an army and had the backing of the ______________.
Battle of Hastings – William sailed across the English Channel and __________
_____________________ the Conqueror - King of England
Henry II
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In 1154, Henry II inherited the throne
Broadened the system of royal ____________________
Royal Court’s decisions became the basis for English __________________ Law
In time people accepted it over the courts of the ___________________ or nobles
____________________ determined which cases went to trial
A Tragic Clash
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Henry’s efforts with royal courts led to a bitter conflict with the ________________
Henry claimed the right to try ____________________ in royal courts
Thomas ____________________, archbishop of Canterbury, opposed this
In 1170, 4 of Henry’s knights ____________________ Becket in his own cathedral
____________________ denied any part of the attack, and backed off the clergy
Becket became a ___________________and declared a saint
The Magna Carta
• Henry’s son, ______________, was a clever but untrustworthy ruler.
• Eventually ________________________ his own nobles (taxes)
• 1215- rebellious barons forced John to sign the __________________________
• Two basic ideas
1. ______________ had certain rights
2. Monarchs had to obey the _________
• King also agreed to not raise new ______________ w/out consulting the Great
Council of Lords and Clergy
-- “Taxation w/out ________________________________”
Chapter 14 Section 4
“The Hundred Year’s War & The Plague”
The Black Death
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1347- _____________________Plague raged through Italy
1348- reached Spain & ___________________
Then spread over the rest of _____________________
1 out of every _____ people died
A Global Epidemic
• Had broken out before in Europe, Asia, and North Africa –then died down
• One strain survived in the __________ Desert
• Spread by ______________ on _______________
A Terrible Death
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Struck with stunning _______________
People ill 2-3 days then died
_____________________ conditions helped it spread
Black bruises on skin
Heavy ______________ & coughing
Social Upheaval
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Brought Terror & ____________________
Some turned to magic & _________________________ for cures
Some plunged into wild ___________________
Some thought it was _____________________________ from God
Christians blamed ______________
Economic Results
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By late 1300s the ____________________ plunged
Workers died, ____________________declined
________________________ soared
_______________broke out
It took more than __________ years to recover
Upheaval in the Church
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The Church entered a spiritual ___________________
Many priests & monks _______________
___________________________ offered little comfort
______________________ occurred within the Church
Popular preachers challenged its __________________
John _________________________, attacked Church corruption
He insisted the ___________________ was the true source not the Church
The Church responded with ___________________
The Hundred Years War
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Between 1337-1453 England & ___________________ fought a series of conflicts
English rulers tried to hold on to ______________________ lands
_______________________ III claimed the French crown in 1337
At first ________________________ won a string of victories
Their success was due to the __________________________
• It Seemed that ___________________ would bring down _________________
Joan of Arc
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In 1429, a ___ yr old peasant woman appeared before the uncrowned king of France
She told him _______________sent her to save France
She convinced him to give her an _______________
In one year she led several victories
She was _______________ by the English
Tried for witchcraft & _________________________________________________
• The _____________________ would go on to win the war