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Transcript
Medieval Ages in Europe Medieval Period 500-1500 A.D. • Known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages • Breakdown of Civilization- Rome • Cities were abandoned- due to repeated sacking & lack of food • Nobles & peasants fled to countryside- for food & protection Learning Decline • Germanic invaders- could not read or write • Loss of Greek & Latin- Only priests or monks could read & write Latin • Lingua Franca disappeared- Latin became intermixed with invaders’ language & romance languages Government Changes • Germanic chiefs led a band of warriors who pledged their loyalty to him known as Kniga • Family ties & personal loyalty was all important • 511 A.D. Franks 1st to unite in Gaul II. Church survives the Decline • Clovis- 1st king of the Franks accepts Christianity in 496 A.D. – all troops baptized (Merovingian Dynasty) • Frankish rulers & the Church worked to spread Christianity across Northern Europe – 600 A.D. Most Germanic peoples converted to Christianity • Ireland- St. Patrick 432 A.D. • England- St. Augustine 500 A.D. III. Carolingian Dynasty 751 A.D. – 987 A.D. • Mayor of the Palace- Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) expanded Frankish Power • Battle of Tours 732 A.D. Martel defeated the Muslims who retreated to Spain, keeping Europe Christian • Pepin the Short- made deal with Pope & won the crown III. Carolingian Dynasty cont’d • Charlemagne- 771 A.D. (Charles the Great)- son of Pepin • Conquered lands to the east & south of Francia- largest empire since Rome • Spread Christianity across Central Europe • 800 A.D. Charlemagne declared Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III • Set precedence that Pope is above state • Charlemagne’s Rule- established an organization of government modeled on the Church (Roman gov’t) Church Government Pope King Curia/ Cardinals Dukes Archbishop Barons Bishop Parish Priests Lords III. Carolingian Dynasty cont’d • Revival in Learning • Opened palace schools for kids of the nobility • Monasteries hand copied Latin Texts • Charlemagne’s Empire Falls Apart- Treaty of Verdun • Sons fight over territory left by Father (barbarian way) • Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German • Treaty of Verdun- peacefully split Charlemagne's Empire amongst these three sons IV. Age of Invasions • No central authority, kingdoms would rise & fall as to how strong you were & whether or not your feudal ties held – Rollo- Normandy- Viking leader who establishes kingdom on coast of France • Alfred the Great- Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in England • Ireland- A kingdom of great power & learning • Feudalism becomes the way to protect your lands & family from attack during this period- No Countries just Kingdoms that shifted with alliances & marriages