Download Development of Feudalism

Warm Up
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Create a 3 column T chart with the following
categories: People, Places, Things. Place at
least 3 vocabulary terms in each category
People
Places
Things
Agenda
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Warm Up
Intro: “What problems did people face
after the “Fall of Rome?”
Taking Cornell Notes
Read Chapter 13, Section 1
Create Cornell Notes
Homework: Read Chapter 13, Sec 2
Introduction to the
Middle Ages
A. Decline of the Roman Empire
1.
2.
Led to the Middle Ages or medieval period
(Sometimes called the Dark Ages)
Spanned ~ 500-1500
a.
Roots
i.
ii.
iii.
Classical heritage of Rome
Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
Customs of various Germanic tribes
B. Invasions of Western Europe
1.
2.
Germanic invaders overran western Roman Empire ~ 5th
Century
Repeated invasions/constant warfare caused changes
a.
Disruption of trade
b. Downfall of cities
c.
Population shifts
d. Decline of learning
e.
Loss of a common language
i.
By 800s French, Spanish, and other languages had
developed from Latin
C. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
1.
Between 400 and 600 Germanic
kingdoms replaced Roman provinces
a.
2.
Borders changed constantly with fortunes of
war
Concept of government changed
a.
b.
Loyalty to public government and written law
(Roman)
changed to family ties and personal loyalty
(German)
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
German chiefs led a band of warriors
iii.
Warriors pledged loyalty to him
iv.
Lived in the chief’s hall
A. chief gave them food, weapons, treasure
v.
Warriors fought to the death at their lord’s
side
A. Felt it was a disgrace to outlive their chief
Germanic stress on personal ties made it impossible
to establish orderly governments for large territories
c.
3.
Clovis Rules the Franks
1.
2.
3.
4.
Roman province of Gaul (modern-day
France & Switzerland)
Leader of the Franks was Clovis
Clovis (and his people) became Christian
Alliance between Clovis’ Frankish
kingdom and the Church marked the start
of a partnership between two powerful
forces.
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Illuminated
manuscripts, such as
the one to the right,
were usually the work
of monks.
D. The Church Organizes
1.
The Church built religious communities
a.
b.
2.
Monasteries built for monks (men)
Convents built for nuns (women)
Rules for Christian communities
a.
b.
Practical rules for monasteries written by
Benedict
Practical rules for convents adapted by
Scholastica (Benedict’s twin sister)
The Church Organizes
3.
Papal authority expands under Pope
Gregory I
a.
b.
Pope also became a secular power
(secular = worldly, not having to do with
religion)
E. An Empire Evolves
1.
2.
3.
By ~700 the major domo (mayor of the palace) most
important person in the Frankish kingdom.
Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) major domo
719
a. Extended the Franks’ reign to north, south, & east
b. Defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours/Stopped
Muslim advance in Europe
c.
Passed power to his son, Peppin the Short
Began the Carolinian Dynasty
Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
1.
Peppin’s son Charlemagne (Charles
the Great) inherited the Frankish
kingdom
a.
Built an empire greater than
any since Ancient Rome
i.
ii.
Conquered lands and spread Christianity
In 800 went to Rome to help the Pope
A. Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman
Emperor
Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
1.
2.
3.
4.
Strengthened royal power by limiting nobles’
authority
Made sure counts governed their counties justly
Kept a close watch on his estates (regularly
visited all parts of his kingdom).
Encouraged learning (made Aachen a center
of learning)
H. Charlesmagne’s Heirs
1.
2.
3.
Charlemagne’s grandsons fought one
another for control of kingdom
Treaty of Verdun and divided the
empire into 3 kingdoms
Lack of strong rulers led to a new system
of governing and landholding –
feudalism
• When Charlemagne died in 814, he was buried in his own Cathedral at Aachen.
• In 1165, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa opened the vault and placed the remains
in a sculptured sarcophagus made of Parian marble, said to have been the one in
which Augustus Caesar was buried.
• The bones lay in this until 1215, when Frederick II had them put in a casket of
gold and silver.