Download Ancient Rome - Regents Review

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Learning Target:
To understand the review
impact of the Roman Empire
and Greece on history: take a
senteo quiz.
Rome Intro
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Early Civilization
-Italy was originally occupied by many different
groups of people
-Two main groups were Greek colonists and the
Etruscans
-The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and
Rome itself
-Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, settled in
the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.
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Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch
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Legend of the Founding of Rome
-Legend has it that twin brothers,
Romulus and Remus founded the city
-According to the tale, the twins’
mother was a Latin woman and their
father was the war god Mars
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Rome is located:
-On the banks of the
Tiber River
-On and around seven
hills
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- 509 B.C. Rome is Founded
-Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler
and established a republic
- They did not want one person to have all
the power
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Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
Structure of the Republic
-Patricians= landholding upper
class
Patricians
-Plebeians= farmers,
merchants, artisans,
-traders
Plebeians
-Senate= governing body
-Consuls= two patricians
-Dictator= assigned to be in
charge in the event of a war for
six months
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
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Carthaginian Empire
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Roman Empire
• Most powerful ancient empire
• At the time of Punic Wars had only
conquered Italy and some of the
surrounding islands.
• Started Punic Wars
The Punic Wars
-Carthage had an
empire throughout the
Mediterranean
-Rome fought Carthage
in three wars from 264
B.C. to 146 B.C. (118
years!)
Had the largest navy
at the time of 246
B.C.
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First Punic War
• Fought on and around the island
of Sicily
• Rome besieged many
Carthaginian cities in Sicily
• Carthage blockaded Sicily
• Rome destroyed Carthage's
Navy.
• Rome won the first Punic War
Hannibal’s Route
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA
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Hannibal
Trebia and Tresemia
Second Punic War
• Carthage created colonies in Spain
and General Hannibal Attacked
Rome.
• Hannibal captured almost all of Italy.
• Roman General Scipio captured
Spain cutting off supplies to Hannibal.
• Scipio attacked Carthage and
defeated Hannibal
• Rome Controls all of Northern Africa
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Third Punic War
• Rome became afraid Carthage
would attack again.
• Rome attacked Carthage
• Rome decimated the city and
sold the Carthaginians into
slavery.
• Carthage was finally defeated
by Rome after 120 years of
fighting.
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Politics
-Rome grows strong and begins
conquering the rest of Italy
-By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the
Italian peninsula
-Military is made up of citizens
-Rome conquered justly- allowing those
conquered to keep their culture, customs,
and government- as long as they supplied
soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge
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Roman leadership
Religion
-Romans were polytheistic-they believed in
many gods and goddesses
-Many of the gods were adapted from the
Greek gods
Greek God
Roman God
Zeus-ruler of all gods
Jupiter-ruler of all gods
Hera-wife of Zeus,
protected marriage
Juno-wife of Jupiter,
protected marriage
Poseidon-god of the sea
Neptune-god of the sea
-Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations
to honor the gods and goddesses
-Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance
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Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads:
The Appian Way
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Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
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The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
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Reform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
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the poor should be given grain
and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
•
recruited an army from the poor
and homeless.
•
professional standing army.
The Gracchus Brothers
-Tiberius and Gaius
Gracchus were
patricians who
were elected
tribunes
•The brothers worked to
get the state to distribute
the land to the poor
farmers
•They also worked to get
the state to buy grain to
feed the poor
•Senate felt they were a
threat to its power, and
hired thugs to kill the
brothers and their followers
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Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Julius Caesar
• Alesia
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Beware the Ides of March!
44 BCE
The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus
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Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
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The First Roman
Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE
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The Greatest Extent of the
Roman Empire – 14 CE
The Rise of Christianity
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St. Paul:
Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
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Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
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Diocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 CE
Constantine: 312 - 337
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Constantinople: “The 2nd
Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
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Attila the Hun:
“The Scourge of God”
Byzantium:
The Eastern Roman Empire
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The Byzantine Empire
During the Reign of Justinian
-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold
power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo;
political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and
enact reforms
-Slave uprisings throughout the republic
-Armies became loyal to their commanders
because they gave them benefits such as captured
land
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The Byzantine Emperor
Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
Republic Government
Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch
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