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Name Date WLHS / Biology / Monson Per UNIT 10 (CH 3-6) STUDY GUIDE – ECOLOGY; Communities & Biomes; Populations VOCABULARY (CH 3, 4, 5, 6) Ecology Biosphere Community Ecosystem Commensalism Mutualism Heterotroph Scavenger Omnivore Food chain Pyramid of numbers Biomass pyramid Precipitation Condensation Transpiration Photosynthesis Assimilation Denitrification Limiting factor Succession Biome Photic zone Tundra Permafrost Temperate forest Tropical rainforest Immigration Emigration Exponential growth Carrying capacity Abiotic factor Habitat Parasitism Decomposer Food web Water cycle Evaporation Respiration Biotic factor Niche Predation Herbivore Trophic level Carbon cycle Infiltration Combustion Population Symbiosis Autotroph Carnivore Energy pyramid Nitrogen cycle Runoff Nitrogen fixation Primary succession Aphotic zone Taiga Salinity Demographics Density-dependent Climax community Estuary Desert Secondary succession Intertidal zone Grassland Birth rate Densityindependent Death rate Logistic growth QUESTIONS: 1) Define and give examples of BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors. 2) Distinguish between AUTOTROPHS and HETEROTROPHS. Give an example of each. 3) Describe the 3 examples of symbiosis and an example of each: MUTUALISM, COMMENSALISM, and PARASITISM. 4) List and explain the 6 main steps of the WATER CYCLE. **review the carbon and nitrogen cycles as well! 5) In an energy pyramid, approximately what percent of energy at one trophic level becomes available to the consumers at the next trophic level? Why is this such a small amount? (what happens to the rest of the energy?) 6) Explain the difference between PRIMARY SUCCESSION and SECONDARY SUCCESSION. Give examples to help explain. 7) What are PIONEER SPECIES? In what stage of succession would you expect to find these? 8) Compare PHOTIC and APHOTIC zones in aquatic biomes. 9) What are ESTUARIES? (where do you find them? what are the major characteristics?) **Be sure to review all 6 of the major TERRESTRIAL BIOMES and their major characteristics! 10) Define POPULATION: 11) What is the difference between EXPONENTIAL and LOGISTIC growth? (draw the shape of the curve that illustrates each one) 12) Why can’t natural populations continue to grow exponentially for too long? 13) What is the CARRYING CAPACITY? What determines carrying capacity? 14) Explain the difference between DENSITY-DEPENDENT and DENSITY-INDEPENDENT factors; list 2 examples of each. 15) SOLVE THIS PROBLEM: A population of ground squirrels in a particular area is measured to have 80 individuals one year. During the following year, 64 squirrels are born, but 52 squirrels die. Also, 17 new squirrels move in to the population, while 19 squirrels move out. A) What is the CHANGE in population size at the end of that year? B) What is the new size of the squirrel population? C) If this change in population size is consistent for many years in a row, what will be the size of the squirrel population after an additional 6 years? **recommended: do the end of chapter practice multiple choice questions! CH 3: pages 90-93 CH 4: pages 124-127 CH 5: pages 148-151 CH 6: pages 182-185