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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
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Bùi Việt Cường (09DTH2)
Nguyễn Hưng Thiện
Nguyễn Đắc Bình Minh
Mai Hoàng Trí
Nguyễn Bá Thanh Tùng
Phạm Thanh Phong
Instructor: Vũ Thị
Mai
I. Pronouns
I.1 Personal pronouns
I.1.1 Subjective pronouns
I.1.2 Objective pronouns
I.2 Possessive pronouns
I.3 Possessive adjective
I.4 Reflexive Pronouns
I.5 Demonstrative pronouns
I.6 Indefinite Pronouns
I.7 Relative Pronouns
II. Prepositions
II.1 Kinds of prepositions
II.2 The uses of prepositions
III. Exercises
I.1 Personal pronouns
I.1.1 Subjective pronouns
Singular
Plural
I
We
You
You
He/She/It
They
Ex:
I am going to the store
George and I would like to leave now
It was she who called you
I.1.2 Objective pronouns
I
You
He
She
We
It
They
Me
You
Him
Her
Us
It
Them
Ex:
They called us on the telephone
The policeman was looking for him
Usage of “it”
*Pronoun it is used for specific things or abstract ideas for
animal use
Ex:
I tried the door. It was locked
He promised his help if even i needed it
*Pronoun use it for a unknown person
Ex:
There was a knock at the door. I thought it was the postman
*Pronoun it is used to talk about an idea is mentioned in a
phrase, a sentence, a sentence in the previous
Ex:
The music had stopped. He didn’t notice it
*Pronoun it is used to talk about an idea is mentioned in a phrase, a sentence, a
sentence in the previous
Ex:
It is raining heavily
*“It” as a formal subject is also found in the sentence means that a word is added
by a phrase or a clause following it
Ex:
It is stupid to fall asleep like that
It was a surprise that he had come back so soon
*The pronoun it can also be used as a formal object, it is followed by an adjective
or noun modifier by the phrase or clause
Ex:
I found it difficult to explain this to him
He thought it no use going over the subject again
*The pronoun it can also be used as a formal object, it is followed by an adjective
or noun modifier by the phrase or clause
Ex:
It was my question that made him angry
*Pronoun it is used sometimes in the special intimate terms with nature
Ex:
If the teacher sees you doing that, you’ll catch it
I.2 Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are closely associated with personal
pronouns. It does not stand before the noun, just replace the word
has been said:
I
You
He
She
We
It
They
Mine
Yours
His
Her
Ours
Its
Theirs
Ex:
He is a friend of mine (dual ownership: of + possessive pronouns)
She put her arm through mine (mine = my arm)
I.3 Possessive adjective
Personal pronouns
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Possessive Adjectives
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their
*The adjective always precedes the name property from
which it owns and the nouns have no articles to follow
Ex:
My mother, his work, our office……
*Possessive Adjectives used to refer to a person or
animal belonging to a certain house.
*Possessive Adjectives in English depend on owners who
do not change the number of objects that are owned
Ex:
He sees his grandfather
I.4 Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are used as the pronoun in the sentence. It indicates that
the subject has recently received for action. In other words, the subject of
the sentence and the new one are just the same
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
Ex:
John bought him a new car ( him = another person)
Jonh bought himself a new car ( himself = John)
*Reflexive pronouns can function as pronouns in sentences
Ex:
She served herself in the cafeteria
He sent himself the letter
*Reflexive pronouns can also be used to emphasize (the subject
performs an action). In this case it is usually behind the subject
Ex:
The students themselves decorated the room
By + reflexive pronouns = alone
Ex:
John washed the dishes by himself
= John washed the dishes alone
I.5 Demonstrative pronouns
This(người này, cái này)
That(người kia, cái kia)
Such(như thế này)
Same(như nhau)
These(các người này,các cái này)
Those(các người kia, các cái kia)
*Pronoun "this (these)" to indicate what the near space, time
or concepts, "that (those)" to indicate what further afield
Ex:
Do you know these people? This is Harry and this is Jane
Do you see those houses in the distance? That’s where we are going
I.6 Indefinite Pronouns
1. Some: somebody, someone, something
-“Some” are used in statements and go with the singular
Ex:
There’s somebody at the door
I’ve got something to tell you
-“Some” are used in questions when the answer is "yes”
Ex:
Have you got something in your eyes?
( I see something in your eyes)
-"Some" is used to invite or require anything
Ex:
Would you like something to drink?
2. Any: anybody, anyone, anything
-Any" is used in negative sentences and questions and go with singular
Ex:
Is there anybody in the room?
-"Any" is used in the clause "if"
Ex:
If anyone has any question, I’ll pleased to answer them`
3. No: nobody, no one, nothing
-"No" is used with a negative meaning, it can stand in the first sentence
or stand alone
Ex:
What did you say? – Nothing
- “Nothing, nobody….” = “ not + anything, anybody…”
Ex:
She didn’t tell anybody about her plans
(She told nobody about her plans)
-"No" is used with the verb in the singular form
Ex:
The house is empty. There’s nobody living there.
-When using "nothing, nobody" is not used from negative
Ex:
Correct :
He said nothing
Incorrect:
He didn’t said nothing
-After "nobody, no-one can use" they, them, their "
Ex:
Nobody phoned, did they?
I.7 Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns include "who, whom, which,
whose, that" are used to connect to the main clause
subordinate clause
Ex:
The man who is standing overthere is Mr. Jack
This is the book which I like best
Definition
“Preposition
is a word, which is
used before a noun, a noun phrase or
a pronoun , connecting it to another
word.”
II.1 Kinds of prepositions
@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions
which consists only one word.
e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,
@ Compound prepositions: Prepositions
which consists of two or more words.
e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the
side of etc..,
Some prepositions:
There are three types in prepositions
I1.1 Prepositions of place and position:
* Prepositions show position

Ex:
Ted was sitting next to Janet.
The bank is opposite the cinema.
* Prepositions also show place
 Ex:
I’m sitting in the room.
Sue lives on an island.
II.2 Prepositions of Time
*Some prepositions show when something happens.
They are called prepositions of time.

Ex:
School starts at nine o’clock.
We’re going to the zoo on Saturday.
No, you can’t watch a video. It’s past your bedtime already.
I visited my grandparents during the summer.
You must finish the work by Friday.
I’ll do my homework before dinner.
II.3 Prepositions of Direction
*Some prepositions show where something is going.
They are called prepositions of direction.
Ex:
The boys chased after each other.
The football rolled down the hill.
A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.
The freeway goes right through the city.
We were travelling towards Miami.
II.4 Problem of use
I1.4.1 AT and TO:
 TO is often used with verbs of motion.

Ex:
- That airplane flies to Japan.
- We decide to go to the museum.
- They moved the table to the corner.
 AT cannot be used with verbs of motion.
 Ex:
- The train will stop at Manchester.
- They arrived at the cinema at last.
- He will meet his friends at the party.
II.4.2 NEAR and NEXT TO:
 NEXT TO: means “beside”
 Ex:
- John is the boy who stands next to the door.
- The bookshop is next to the supermarket.
N
E T
X O
T
 NEAR : + means “not far away from”
+ can be a matter of opinion
+ relies on each person’s view

Ex:
- My birthday is very near Christmas.
- The supermarket is very near the station.
II.4.3 ABOVE and OVER:
Both mean “higher than”

Ex:
- There is something written above / over the door.
- They built a new room above / over the tree.
 ABOVE is used in comparison with a stable object.
 Ex:
There is a plane above the clouds.
The bridge is 160 feet above the sea level.
 OVER is used to suggest closeness or touching.
 Ex:
He put a blanket over the sleeping child.
They spread the map over the table.
II.4.4 IN and AT: Places
 IN refers to towns, countries and the “inside” of places.
 Ex:
- They live in England.
- Yesterday she was in the city.
- My sister is in the garden now.
 AT refers to points with a particular purpose rather than
“inside”.
 Ex:
- She lives at home.
- He met her at the park.
II.5 Prepositions at the end of a sentence:

Ex:
What are you seeking for?
Question
It’s quite a hard problem to deal with!
That‘s the man whom I am waiting for.
Infinitive
Relative Clause
- Can be found in questions, infinitive clauses, relative clauses, …
- Usually go with verb.
II.6 Other uses:
1. Some prepositions can be used as adverbs without an
object.
Ex:
- There's a man with a dog sitting opposite.
- I can't see anyone around.
2. There are many fixed phrases containing prepositions, such
as: by mistake, on purpose, out of order, …
 Ex:
- Your guitar sounds awful! It seems to be out of tune.
- My Ferrari crashed into the lamp-post by mistake.
III. Exercises