Download Document

PLANTS
1. Uses
2. Classification
3. Parts
Part 1- Plants as Food
1. About 10,000 used
for food
2. Cultivation began
11,000 yrs. Ago in
the Fertile Cresent
3. Wheat, barley, lentils,
& peas were first
4. Olives, dates, and
grapes soon followed
Cereals
1. Gramineae family
(grass family)
2. Rich in
carbohydrates
3. Ex.- Rice, wheat,
corn, oats, sorghum,
rye, millet
Legumes
 Members of the pea
family
 Protein rich seeds in
pods
 Ex.- peas peanuts
soybeans
 Form symbiotic
relationships with
bacteria
Root Crops
 Nutrients stored in
the roots of
underground stems
 Excellent source of
carbs, vitamins, and
minerals
 Example: Carrots,
Potatoes
Fruits
 Def- modified flower
part enclosing a seed
 Types




1. Berries
2. Pomes
3. Nuts
4. Grains
Other facts about plants
related to food
 Famine- long widespread
shortages of food (supply
does not meet demand)
 Agroforestry- planting crops
along side of trees to
prevent erosion and shield
crops
 Mixed Cropping- planting 2
or more crops in the same
field.
Plants as Medicine

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Drug
Treats
Digitalis
heart dis.
Salicylic acid pain
Quinine
malaria
Morphine
pain
Codeine
pain
Source
foxglove
willow bark
cinchona bark
opium poppy
opium poppy
Plants as Fibers
1. Cotton
2. Linen
3. Papyrus reed
4. Linseed oil
5. Cellophane and
Rayon
Part 2- Classification
1. Carolus Linnaeus
Two Categories
 Vascular
 Non-vascular
Non-vascular plants
 No vascular tissue
 No plant organs
 App. 23,000 species of mosses,
liverworts, and hornworts
 Known as the Bryophytes
Vascular Plants
 Have water
conducting tissue
 Have plant organs
 Further divided
Seed plants vs. Non-seed
plants
 Seed plants =
evergreens
 Non-seed plants =
ferns
Seed plants (divided into)
Gymnosperms
 non flowering
 Ex. Cycads, ginkos,
conifers and
gnetophytes
Angiosperms
 Flowering plants
 Ex. endless
Monocotyledonae (monocot)
or dicotyledonae (dicot)
Monocot
 Single cotyledon
 Parallel veins
 3 part flower
symmetry
 Ex. Lilies, irises.
Orchids, corn etc..
 Over 90,000 species
Dicots
 Two cotyledons
 Net venation
 4 or 5 part flower
symmetry
 Ex. Beans, lettuce,
oaks, maples
Classification Chart
Plants
Vascular
Seed
Non-vascular
Non-seed
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Monocot
Dicot
Extra Terms
 Cotyledon- seed leaf
 Monocot- one seed
leaf
 Dicot- two seed
leaves
 Seed- structure
containing the
embryo
Extra Terms Cont.
 Xylem- transports
water and minerals
up to the leaves
 Phloem- transports
sugar (Down) from
the leaves to all parts
of the plant
Part 3
Tissues
1.
2.
3.

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Page 599-600
Systems
1. Vascular System
2. Dermal System
3. Ground Tissue
System
Organs
1.
2.
3.
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Leaf Basics
1. Def- thin, flat organs used to capture
sunlight and carry out photosynthesis
2. Modifications



Tendrils
Spines of Cactuses
Leaves of insectivorous plants
-ex. Venus flytrap
Leaf Structure/Parts
1. Blade
-This part enables
transpiration to
occur
2. Petiole
Types of Leaves
1. Simple Leaves
2. Compound Leaves
Extra Terms dealing with
leaves
1. Transpiration
2. Venation
3. Stoma
4. Guard cells
5. Turgor pressure