Download action verb

Lesson
Objectives
1-1
• To identify action verbs and direct objects 
• To demonstrate an ability to use action
verbs and direct objects in a sentence
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Lesson
1-2 Objects
Action Verbs
and Direct
• There are two main kinds of verbs: action
verbs and linking verbs. 
• Action verbs tell what the subject does. 
• An action verb names an action. 
• It may contain more than one word.
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Lesson
1-3 Objects (cont.)
Action Verbs
and Direct
• An action verb is often followed by a noun
that receives the action of the verb. 
• This noun is called the direct object. 
• In the sentence above, the noun Africa is
the direct object of the verb has visited.
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Lesson
1-4 Objects (cont.)
Action Verbs
and Direct
• A direct object receives the action of a
verb. 
• It answers the question whom? or what?
after an action verb. 
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Lesson
1-5 Objects (cont.)
Action Verbs
and Direct
• Not all action verbs take direct objects. 
• A transitive verb has a direct object. 
• An intransitive verb does not have a
direct object. 
• You must examine how an action verb is
used in a sentence to determine whether it
is transitive or intransitive. 
• Some verbs can be used both ways. 
– Sheila read a book about Africa. [transitive] 
– Sheila read in a great hurry. [intransitive]
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Lesson 1-6
Exercise 1 Identifying Action Verbs and
Direct Objects
For the sentences below, underline each action verb. If the verb
has a direct object, circle it.
1. The equator divides Africa in two.
2. Streams and wells create oases in the desert.
3. Camels can travel in the desert for days without
water.
4. Not even cars cross the sand dunes.
5. In the eastern Sahara, the sun shines for
thousands of hours every year.
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Lesson 1-7
Exercise 2 Writing Action Verbs
Write five brief sentences about yourself. Use an action verb in
each sentence. Underline the action verb. If the verb has a
direct object, circle the direct object. A sample sentence is
provided.
I eat a big breakfast.
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1 Close
Share and discuss the sentences you wrote
for Exercise 2 with your classmates. Identify
the transitive and intransitive verbs in your
sentences as well as any direct objects.
End of Lesson 1
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Lesson
Objectives
2-1
• To recognize both direct and indirect
objectives in sentences 
• To use the objective case appropriately in
writing
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Indirect Lesson
Objects
2-2
• A direct object answers the question
whom? or what? after an action verb. 
• In the sentence below, the direct object is
Egypt. 
• Egypt answers the question what? after the
action verb visited. 
– Rachel visited Egypt last year. 
• An action verb may also have an indirect
object. 
• An indirect object answers the question to
whom? or for whom? after the action verb.
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2-3
Indirect Lesson
Objects (cont.)
• The direct object in the sentence above is
fees. 
• It answers the question what? after the
action verb paid. 
• The indirect object is guides.
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2-4
Indirect Lesson
Objects (cont.)
• Guides answers the question to whom?
after the action verb. 
• Indirect objects appear only in sentences
that have direct objects. 
• Two clues will help you identify indirect
objects. 
• First, the indirect object always comes
before the direct object.
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2-5
Indirect Lesson
Objects (cont.)
• Second, if you add the word to or for in
front of the indirect object, the sentence
will still make sense. 
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Lesson 2-6
Exercise 3 Distinguishing Between Direct
and Indirect Objects
Identify the underlined word as a direct object or an indirect
object.
1. Egypt gives tourists lessons in history.
indirect object
2. The pyramids show visitors life in the past.
indirect object
3. Sculptors produced statues for tombs and
temples.
direct object
4. Artists made decorative objects of pottery.
direct object
5. Archaeologists study the ancient tombs.
direct object
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Lesson 2-7
Exercise 4 Identifying Direct and Indirect
Objects
For each sentence, circle the direct object. Then underline each
indirect object.
1. The floodwaters of the Nile gave farmers rich soil.
2. Wealthy Egyptians built themselves beautiful
homes.
3. Parents fed their children bread.
4. Some Egyptians wrote relatives letters.
5. Gardens and rivers gave the Egyptians food.
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2 Close
You have learned to identify indirect objects
by changing them into prepositional phrases.
Make sure you understand this relationship
by reversing the process, changing
prepositional phrases into indirect objects in
sentences such as these:
The coach told her funniest story to the team.
The principal gave his usual speech to the
visitors.
End of Lesson 2
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Lesson
Objectives
3-1
• To identify linking verbs and associated
predicate nouns and adjectives 
• To use linking verbs appropriately in writing
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Linking Lesson
Verbs and3-2
Predicate Words
• A linking verb connects the subject of a
sentence with a noun or adjective in the
predicate. 
• In the sentence above, the linking verb is
connects Africa, the subject, with continent,
a noun in the predicate.
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Linking Lesson
Verbs and3-3
Predicate Words
(cont.)
• Continent, here, is called a predicate
noun. 
• A predicate noun is a noun that follows a
linking verb and tells what the subject is. 
• A predicate adjective is an adjective that
follows a linking verb and tells what the
subject is like.
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Linking Lesson
Verbs and3-4
Predicate Words
(cont.)
• In the first sentence above, the predicate
noun country renames the subject. 
• In the second sentence, the predicate
adjective scenic describes the same
subject. 
• Predicate nouns and predicate adjectives
follow only linking verbs.
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Linking Lesson
Verbs and3-5
Predicate Words
(cont.)
• Some linking verbs can also be used as
action verbs. 
– The farmer grows tired. [linking verb] 
– The farmer grows corn. [action verb] 
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Lesson 3-6
Exercise 5 Identifying Action and Linking Verbs
and Predicate Words
For each sentence, underline the verb. Then identify it as an action
verb or a linking verb. If it is a linking verb, identify it
as followed by a predicate noun or a predicate adjective.
1. Village life changes slowly in Zambia.
action verb
2. Many people live in grass-roofed houses.
action verb
3. Villagers raise food crops on the land.
action verb
4. Some farmers appear content with their lives.
linking verb; predicate adjective
5. Other people move to the mining towns.
action verb
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Lesson 3-7
Exercise 6 Using Predicate Nouns and
Adjectives
To complete each sentence, write a predicate noun or predicate
adjective as indicated in parentheses. You may need to write
more than one word.
1. I feel (predicate adjective).
I feel sleepy.
2. My family is (predicate adjective).
My family is Puerto Rican.
3. I am (predicate noun).
I am a student.
4. My favorite food is (predicate noun).
My favorite food is pizza.
5. I think basketball is (predicate adjective).
I think basketball is exciting.
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3 Close
Write a paragraph about your favorite food,
using both action verbs and linking verbs.
Also use at least one predicate noun and
one predicate adjective.
End of Lesson 3
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Lesson
Objectives
4-1
• To understand the simple past, present,
and future tenses 
• To use verb tenses appropriately in writing
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Present,Lesson
Past, and4-2
Future Tenses
• A verb changes its form to show tense and
to agree with its subject. 
• The tense of a verb tells when an action
takes place. 
• The present tense of a verb names an
action that happens regularly. 
• It can also express a general truth. 
• The present tense is usually the same as
the base form of the verb.
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Present,Lesson
Past, and4-3
Future Tenses (cont.)
• When the subject is a singular noun or he,
she, or it, however, you usually form the
present tense by adding s to the base
form. 
• The chart below shows the present tense
forms of the verb visit. 
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Present,Lesson
Past, and4-4
Future Tenses (cont.)
• The present tense of the verb be differs
from the base form be: am, are, is. 
• The past tense of a verb names an action
that already happened. 
• Form the past tense of most verbs by
adding ed to the base form of the verb. 
• The future tense of a verb names an action
that will take place in the future. 
• Form the future tense by adding the helping
verb will or shall to the base form of the
verb.
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Present,Lesson
Past, and4-5
Future Tenses (cont.)
Lesson 4-6
Exercise 7 Distinguishing Present, Past, and
Future Tenses
Underline the verb. Then identify it as in the present, past, or
future tense.
1. Larry learns about archaeology in the library.
present
2. Someday he and his parents will travel to Egypt.
future
3. Larry and his friend Ann watched a film about the
Sahara.
past
4. This vast desert extends into Egypt.
present
5. The survival of the ancient Egyptians depended
on the Nile River.
past
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Lesson 4-7
Exercise 8 Using Present, Past, and Future
Tenses
For each sentence write the present, past, and future forms of
the verb in parentheses.
1. The capital, Cairo, (prosper) near the base of the
Nile delta.
prospers, prospered, will prosper
2. This part of the country (collect) the most rain.
collects, collected, will collect
3. The Western Desert (contain) few oases.
contains, contained, will contain
4. Oases (support) small villages and farms.
support, supported, will support
5. The sands of the Eastern Desert (extend) from the
Nile River almost to the Red Sea.
extend, extended, will extend
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CloseLesson
4 Close
Imagine you are an archaeologist in Egypt.
Write a paragraph describing what you find
in the ruins and what you expect to find.
Remember to use present, past, and future
tenses.
End of Lesson 4
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Lesson
Objectives
5-1
• To understand the principal parts of a verb 
• To distinguish between main verbs and
helping verbs 
• To demonstrate an understanding of the
use of the principal parts of verbs
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Lesson
5-2 Verbs
Main Verbs
and Helping
• Verbs have four principal parts. 
• The chart below shows the principal parts
of the verb learn.
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Lesson
5-3 Verbs (cont.)
Main Verbs
and Helping
• The principal parts of a verb can be
combined with helping verbs to form verb
phrases. 
• A helping verb is a verb that helps the
main verb tell about an action or make a
statement. 
• A verb phrase consists of one or more
helping verbs followed by a main verb.
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Lesson
5-4 Verbs (cont.)
Main Verbs
and Helping
• The most common helping verbs are be
and have. 
• The helping verb be makes a verb phrase
with the present participle of a main verb. 
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Lesson
5-5 Verbs (cont.)
Main Verbs
and Helping
• The helping verb have makes a verb
phrase with the past participle of a main
verb. 
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Lesson 5-6
Exercise 9 Identifying Helping Verbs in Verb
Phrases
Circle each verb phrase. Then underline the helping verb.
1. Some African societies have changed greatly.
2. The people of Malawi were living in family
groups.
3. They have looked to chiefs for leadership.
4. They have formed one nation from many different
family groups.
5. Many children in Malawi are working at jobs.
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Identifying
Past and Present
Lesson
5-7
Exercise 10
Participles
Underline each verb phrase and circle and label its main verb
as a present participle or past participle.
1. Malawi had acquired independence in 1964.
past participle
2. Bakili Muluzi has now assumed leadership.
past participle
3. The people have named Mr. Muluzi president.
past participle
4. The president has appointed a cabinet.
past participle
5. The cabinet is helping the president.
present participle
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5 Close
Write a paragraph describing some
differences between life in Malawi and life in
your own community. Underline any helping
verbs and all past and present participles.
For information about Malawi, see the
sentences on page 342 of your textbook.
End of Lesson 5
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Lesson
Objectives
6-1
• To understand the present progressive and
past progressive forms of verbs 
• To demonstrate an ability to use verbs in
the progressive tenses
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6-2
PresentLesson
and Past Progressive
Forms
• The present tense of a verb names an
action that occurs regularly. 
• To describe an action that is continuing,
use the present progressive form of the
verb. 
• The present progressive form of a verb
tells about an action that is continuing right
now. 
– The children are listening to a story.
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6-3
PresentLesson
and Past Progressive
Forms
(cont.)
• The present progressive form of a verb
consists of the present participle of the
main verb and the helping verb am, are,
or is. 
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6-4
PresentLesson
and Past Progressive
Forms
(cont.)
• The past tense describes an action that
was started and completed in the past. 
• To describe an action going on some time in
the past, use the past progressive form. 
• The past progressive form of a verb
names an action that continued for some
time in the past. 
– The women were singing a folk song.
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6-5
PresentLesson
and Past Progressive
Forms
(cont.)
• The past progressive form of a verb
consists of the present participle and the
helping verb was or were. 
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Using Present
Lesson
6-6and Past
Exercise 11
Progressive Forms
For each sentence, write the present progressive or past
progressive form of the verb in parentheses. Be sure your
sentences make sense.
1. Students today (learn) about African
nations. are learning
2. For years a few European countries (rule) some
parts of Africa. were ruling
3. Many Africans (grow) eager for independence in
the 1950s. were growing
4. Today most African countries (govern)
themselves. are governing
5. Now changes (take) place in African
governments. are taking
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Using the6-7
Progressive Forms
Lesson
Exercise 12
For each sentence, write the progressive form of the verb. If the
verb is in the present tense, change it to the present
progressive form. If the verb is in the past tense, change it to
the past progressive form.
1. Visitors see great differences across the continent.
are seeing
2. Temperatures average more than 100° in the
Sahara.
are averaging
3. Oases become dry.
are becoming
4. Nomadic herders roam across northern Africa.
are roaming
5. A family constructed a house with hard mud walls.
was constructing
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CloseLesson
6 Close
Write a paragraph describing a trip you
took. Use some progressive verbs and
underline present progressive and past
progressive forms.
End of Lesson 6
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Lesson
Objectives
7-1
• To understand present, past, and future
perfect tenses 
• To distinguish between simple, progressive,
and perfect tenses 
• To use tenses appropriately and effectively
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Perfect Lesson
Tenses
7-2
• The present perfect tense of a verb tells
about something that happened at an
indefinite time in the past. 
• It also tells about an action that happened
in the past and is still happening now. 
– Sheila has collected African jewelry for years. 
• In the sentence above, Sheila began to
collect African jewelry at some time in the
past and still collects it.
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7-3
Perfect Lesson
Tenses (cont.)
• The present perfect tense of a verb
consists of the helping verb have or has
followed by the past participle of the main
verb. 
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7-4
Perfect Lesson
Tenses (cont.)
• The past perfect tense of a verb names
an action that happened before another
action or event in the past. 
– Before her last birthday, Sheila had collected
only coins. 
• In the sentence above, Sheila started and
finished collecting coins before another
event that also occurred in the past, her
last birthday.
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7-5
Perfect Lesson
Tenses (cont.)
• The past perfect tense of a verb consists of
the helping verb had and the past participle
of the main verb. 
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Review: Identifying
Lesson
7-6 Tenses
Exercise 13
For each sentence, underline the verb. Then identify the verb
as in the present, past, present perfect, or past perfect tense.
1. Moroccan ships pass through the Strait of
Gibraltar.
present
2. Morocco has exported fish and minerals.
present perfect
3. In the year 711, Moroccans invaded Spain.
past
4. For some time, they ruled most of Spain.
past
5. The Moroccans had left many influences in
Spain.
past perfect
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Using the7-7
Perfect Tenses
Lesson
Exercise 14
For each sentence, write the perfect tense of the verb. If the
verb is in the present tense, change it to the present perfect
tense. If the verb is in the past tense, change it to the past
perfect tense.
1. Before modern times, Moroccan artisans created
intricate silver jewelry.
had created
2. They pounded metal into delicate shapes.
had pounded
3. In the recent past, craftspeople constructed
products from leather.
had constructed
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Using the7-8
Perfect Tenses (cont.)
Lesson
Exercise 14
For each sentence, write the perfect tense of the verb. If the
verb is in the present tense, change it to the present perfect
tense. If the verb is in the past tense, change it to the past
perfect tense.
4. They also work on carpets for export.
have worked
5. Farmers raise barley, wheat, fruits, and
vegetables.
have raised
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CloseLesson
7 Close
Write a paragraph describing an event from
American history. Use present perfect and
past perfect tenses in at least one sentence
each. When finished, exchange papers with
a classmate and work together to correct
any verb tense errors.