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Name: Group: Date: Genetics Study Guide Know the following key vocabulary (Refer to your glossary): 1. Dominant trait – 2. Gene – 3. Genotype – 4. Homozygous – 5. Heterozygous – 6. Phenotype – 7. Recessive trait – 8. Inherited – 9. Acquired – 10. Mutation – 11. List the levels of organization from DNA (smallest) to organism (largest). Note: You should have 9 structures including DNA and organism. _DNA, gene, chromosome, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 12. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. Include the result of each (Refer to your T-chart). Mitosis Body cells (my toes) Starts with 46 Used to make new body cells Divides into two Used to repair cells/replace Asexual= clone of original cell Meiosis Sex cells ONLY 23 each Combine to make offspring (ends with 46) Divides into 4 Used to make offspring 13. List ways a trait can be determined. _______genes inherited from parents , environmental , mutation, different alleles (recessive and dominant ) 14. List ways that you can study human genetics. ________pedigree chart, pea plant experiments, animal studies, Punnett squares/ twin studies, fruit flies, cloning 15. Explain why identical twins are not genetically unique. ____ identical twins come from ONE fertilized egg that was split into two. So they have the same DNA 16. Explain what Mendel discovered about recessive traits. Use his experiments on pea plants to help you describe his results. _____recessive are hidden in background….that dominant traits (RR) will show up 100% in the F1 generation (all plants tall) ….but in F2 the recessive allele appears at a ratio of 1:4 dominate becomes 3:1_( 3 tall , 1 short plant) You need two recessive alleles for the “short” trait to appear (rr) 17. Classify each of the following genotypes as heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho). TT __Ho____ Bb __He___ dd _HO____ Ff __HE___ Rr __HE___ 18. Give the possible genotypes for each trait based on the information provided in the chart. Characteristic Flower Color Flower length Leaf Shape Purebred purple flower - _FF_____ Hybrid pointed leaves- __Rr____ Heterozygous purple flower - __Ff____ Dominant Purple (F) Long (L) Pointed (R) Recessive White (f) Short (l) Round (r) Short flower length - __ll____ Carrier of the round leaf shape - ___Rr___ Homozygous long leaves- _LL____ 19. Give the phenotypes for each genotype based on the information provided in the chart. FF - ___Purple_______________ Ll - _______long__________ rr - ____________round______ Rr - ____pointed______________ ff - ________white__________LL - _____________long_____ True/False: ***(If the statement is false, please correct it to read true) _F____ 20. Human body cells have 46 pairs of chromosomes Human body cells have 23 PAIRS of chromosomes _T____ 21. Sex cells have 23 chromosomes. _F____ 22. A parent is a carrier for a recessive genetic trait. This means that their genotype will be homozygous recessive. Their genotype will be heterozygous dominate (Tt) or they are NOT a carrier if they are Homo recessive __T___ 23. Blood type AB expresses two dominant alleles and is therefore said to be co-dominant. _F____ 24. Blood type Bo expresses two different alleles and is therefore said to be co-dominant. (B0= blood type B – you would be a carrier for o) 24. A heterozygous blue flower was recently bred with a homozygous recessive yellow flower. Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions. R r r Rr What are the possible genotypes for the offspring? Rr, rr rr Rr rr r What are the possible phenotypes for the offspring? Yellow and blue What percentage would be blue? __50___ % What percentage would be yellow? __50___ % 25. Skye has oval eyes, while Poppy is believed to be homozygous for her round eye shape. Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions. (Note: Round eyes are dominant to oval eyes.) R r r R Rr Rr Rr Rr What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring? Rr 100% round What percentage would have round eyes? _100_____ % What percentage would have oval eyes? ____0__ % 26. Shelley has the gene heterozygous for blood type A, while her husband has the gene which is heterozygous for blood type B. What blood type would their children have? Create a Punnett square to help you. Explain. A B O Bo AB oo O Ao 4 blood types in offspring; AB, B, A and O Take a look at the pedigree below to answer questions 27-31: 27. Is this trait dominant or recessive? Explain. __this trait is recessive because it doesn’t appear every generation _ Write the genotypes for: 28. A ___rr__ 29. B ___RR__ 30. C __rr___ 31. D rr_____