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Genetics Study Guide
Know the following key vocabulary (Refer to your glossary):
1. Dominant trait –
2. Gene –
3. Genotype –
4. Homozygous –
5. Heterozygous –
6. Phenotype –
7. Recessive trait –
8. Inherited –
9. Acquired –
10. Mutation –
11. List the levels of organization from DNA (smallest) to organism (largest). Note: You should
have 9 structures including DNA and organism.
_DNA, gene, chromosome, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, organism
12. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. Include the result of each (Refer to your T-chart).
Mitosis
Body cells (my toes)
Starts with 46
Used to make new body cells
Divides into two
Used to repair cells/replace
Asexual= clone of original cell
Meiosis
Sex cells ONLY
23 each
Combine to make offspring
(ends with 46)
Divides into 4
Used to make offspring
13. List ways a trait can be determined.
_______genes
inherited from parents , environmental , mutation,
different alleles (recessive and dominant )
14. List ways that you can study human genetics.
________pedigree chart, pea plant experiments,
animal studies, Punnett squares/ twin studies, fruit
flies, cloning
15. Explain why identical twins are not genetically unique.
____
identical twins come from ONE fertilized egg that was split
into two. So they have the same DNA
16. Explain what Mendel discovered about recessive traits. Use his experiments on pea plants to
help you describe his results.
_____recessive are hidden in background….that dominant traits (RR) will show
up 100% in the F1 generation (all plants tall) ….but in F2 the recessive allele
appears at a ratio of 1:4 dominate becomes 3:1_( 3 tall , 1 short plant)
You need two recessive alleles for the “short” trait to appear (rr)
17. Classify each of the following genotypes as heterozygous (He) or homozygous (Ho).
TT __Ho____ Bb __He___ dd _HO____ Ff __HE___ Rr __HE___
18. Give the possible genotypes for each trait based on the information provided in the chart.
Characteristic
Flower Color
Flower length
Leaf Shape
Purebred purple flower - _FF_____
Hybrid pointed leaves- __Rr____
Heterozygous purple flower - __Ff____
Dominant
Purple (F)
Long (L)
Pointed (R)
Recessive
White (f)
Short (l)
Round (r)
Short flower length - __ll____
Carrier of the round leaf shape - ___Rr___
Homozygous long leaves- _LL____
19. Give the phenotypes for each genotype based on the information provided in the chart.
FF - ___Purple_______________ Ll - _______long__________ rr - ____________round______
Rr - ____pointed______________ ff - ________white__________LL - _____________long_____
True/False:
***(If the statement is false, please correct it to read true)
_F____ 20. Human body cells have 46 pairs of chromosomes
Human body cells have 23 PAIRS of chromosomes
_T____ 21. Sex cells have 23 chromosomes.
_F____ 22. A parent is a carrier for a recessive genetic trait. This means that their genotype will be
homozygous recessive.
Their genotype will be heterozygous dominate (Tt) or they are NOT a carrier if they are Homo recessive
__T___ 23. Blood type AB expresses two dominant alleles and is therefore said to be co-dominant.
_F____ 24. Blood type Bo expresses two different alleles and is therefore said to be co-dominant.
(B0= blood type B – you would be a carrier for o)
24. A heterozygous blue flower was recently bred with a homozygous recessive yellow flower.
Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions.
R
r
r
Rr
What are the possible genotypes for the offspring? Rr, rr
rr
Rr
rr
r
What are the possible phenotypes for the offspring? Yellow and
blue
What percentage would be blue? __50___ %
What percentage would be yellow? __50___ %
25. Skye has oval eyes, while Poppy is believed to be homozygous for her round eye shape.
Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions. (Note: Round eyes are dominant to
oval eyes.)
R
r
r
R
Rr
Rr
Rr
Rr
What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?
Rr
100% round
What percentage would have round eyes? _100_____ %
What percentage would have oval eyes? ____0__ %
26. Shelley has the gene heterozygous for blood type A, while her husband has the gene which
is heterozygous for blood type B.
What blood type would their children have? Create a Punnett square to help you. Explain.
A
B
O
Bo
AB
oo
O Ao
4 blood types in offspring; AB, B, A and O
Take a look at the pedigree below to answer questions 27-31:
27. Is this trait dominant or recessive? Explain.
__this trait is recessive because it doesn’t appear every generation _
Write the genotypes for:
28. A ___rr__
29. B ___RR__
30. C __rr___
31. D rr_____