Download Unit 13 Student Guided Notes Divisions of the Nervous System and

Unit 13 Student Guided Notes
Divisions of the Nervous System and Brain
Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Contains:



Central canal filled with _____________________
___________.
Gray matter made up of ________________.
White matter made of long fibers
______________.
They are white because they are covered by __________
_____________.
The dorsal (back) part of the cord is specialized to carry
___________________ information to the brain.
the ventral (front) part of the cord sends messages from
the ____________________________.
______________________________ run together in
parallel bundles called tracts. Left and right tracts
crossover prior to entering the brain. Therefore, left side
of the brain controls _______________ of the body and
vice versa.
Brain
Medulla Oblongata:
 Brain Stem (bottom of the brain).
 Pathway between _______________________________.
 Controls: vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccoughing,
swallowing.
 Controls: ________________________________
____________________________.
Cerebellum:
 Butterfly shaped.
 Rear, lower protion of the brain.
 ____________________________ portion of the
brain.
 Controls: Muscle co-ordination (smooth graceful motions)
________________________________
_____________________.
Hypothalamus:
 Located just above the pituitary gland.
 Controls: The ____________________________, hunger, thirst, sleep, body temp,
water balance, and BP. Maintains homeostasis by
controlling endocrine control, Motor control.
Thalamus:
 Above the hypothalamus
 Controls: ________________________ for
information going to the _________________.
Channels info to appropriate place and prevents
sensory overload.
Cerebrum:
 __________________ of the brain.
 Controls: _____________________, Perceives sensory information, Initiates
movements.
 Contains 2 hemispheres (Right and Left).
 Memory.
Parts:
1. Frontal Lobe - ____________
_______________
2. Temporal Lobe - _________
_________________.
3. Parietal Lobe - ___________
____________________.
4. Occipital Lobe - Vision.
Corpus Callosum
 Holds the hemispheres of the Cerebrum together.
 Conducts impulses from one side of the brain to the other.
At the center of it all is the Central Nervous System. The CNS is comprised of the Brain and
the Spinal Cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
Is made up of nerves, which are either part of the Somatic or the Autonomic Nervous
System.

_____________: Contains
nerves that control skeletal
muscles, joints, and skin. They
receive and act on external
stimuli. Voluntary Control

_________________:
Contains nerves that control
the smooth muscles of the
internal organs and the glands.
Automatic, usually without the
need for conscious thought.
Two Divisions:
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
Both:



Function automatically (involuntary).
Serve all internal organs.
Have two motor neurons with a ganglion between
Adrenal Glands
Sudden simultaneous release of ______________________ from all the sympathetic neurons
(as in times of fright) has a critical effect.
It causes the release of the hormone ________________ from the interior of the __________
____________ located on top of the kidneys. The noradrenalin and the adrenalin initiate and
sustain what is know as the "_______________________" response.
They prepare the body to respond to danger in
the following ways:
1. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
2. ________________________________
________________________________.
________________________________
3. Sudden contraction of some muscles to
tense the body up for action. Included in
this is the contraction of the diaphragm. A
scared person will gasp, inhaling
suddenly.
4. ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles so they are more able to act.
6. ______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________.
**Note that acetylcholine is the hormone secreted for the
parasympathetic system which causes the opposite
conditions (see above) in the body as compared to the
sympathetic system**
Neuroendocrine Control
There is an association between nerve tissue and the body's
hormones (endocrine = hormonal). This association is
between the ______________________________________
__________________________________. It can be seen
that there are _________ lobes of the pituitary gland: an
anterior and a posterior lobe. Both of these extend down from the hypothalamus.
As blood passes through the _________________, its composition and temperature
__________________ various homeostatic responses. Those responses involve the release
of hormones.
The anterior pituitary releases six major hormones that range in effect from bringing about
___________________________________________________________.
The posterior pituitary releases __________ hormones.
The mechanism of action is slightly different for the release of the anterior pituitary hormones
than it is for the posterior pituitary hormones.
In the case where the hypothalamus
detects that the effect of one of the
hormones from the anterior pituitary is
required, it releases a hormone-like
substance called a releasing factor that
travels through the very short blood
vessel that is connected with the
anterior pituitary.
The effect of this is to cause the
release of the required hormone.
In the case of the hormones released
by the posterior pituitary, the
hypothalamus actually _____________ these hormones which it releases into a nerve tract
that conducts them to the ____________________________________________.
Regardless of the mechanism all the hormones are released into the circulatory system and
they travel about the body affecting the specific target organs for which they were designed.
**IMPORTANT** A good understanding of these hormones, where they are
produced, what causes their release, where they are released from and the effects they have
on the body is extremely important. A good knowledge of these hormones will also help you in
the next two units.