Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
8/26/13 4a - Prokaryotic Cells What is it to be alive? 1) growth What is it to be alive? 1) growth 2) capable of reproduction 1 8/26/13 What is it to be alive? 1) growth 2) capable of reproduction 3) responsiveness/irritability What is it to be alive? 1) growth 2) capable of reproduction 3) responsiveness/irritability 4) perform metabolism What is it to be alive? 1) growth 2) capable of reproduction 3) responsiveness/irritability 4) perform metabolism 5) made of cells 2 8/26/13 What is it to be alive? 1) growth 2) capable of reproduction 3) responsiveness/irritability 4) perform metabolism 5) made of cells 6) involved in evolution Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes size organelles (including nucleus) DNA ribosomes Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Size 3 8/26/13 Exceptionally large bacteria Thiomargarita namibiensis Common prokaryotic cell shapes pleomorphic Prokaryotic cell arrangements 4 8/26/13 External structures Bacterial flagellum/a Flagellar Arrangements monotrichous amphitrichous lophotrichous peritrichous 5 8/26/13 Bacterial movement by flagella or “swim & twiddle” axial filaments made of periplasmic flagella/endoflagella Bacterial fimbria/fimbriae Archaeal hamus/hami 6 8/26/13 Bacterial pilus/pili Other bacterial structures stalk sheath prostheca 7 8/26/13 Cell wall carbohydrate Peptidoglycan Sugars: NAM & NAG mycolic acid 8 8/26/13 O antigen/side chain lipid A Why organisms make cells walls Cytoplasmic/ plasma/cell membrane hopanoids 9 8/26/13 Nitrosomonas: folded membrane for respiration Rhodospirillum: folded membrane for photosynthesis cytoskeleton Other prokaryotic internal structures (inclusions) lipid Bt toxin protein carboxysomes sulfur magnetite aka. gas vacuoles 10 8/26/13 Endospores 11