Download Chapter 4: 4a-prokcells96

8/26/13
4a - Prokaryotic Cells
What is it to be alive?
1) growth
What is it to be alive?
1) growth
2) capable of reproduction
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What is it to be alive?
1) growth
2) capable of reproduction
3) responsiveness/irritability
What is it to be alive?
1) growth
2) capable of reproduction
3) responsiveness/irritability
4) perform metabolism
What is it to be alive?
1) growth
2) capable of reproduction
3) responsiveness/irritability
4) perform metabolism
5) made of cells
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What is it to be alive?
1) growth
2) capable of reproduction
3) responsiveness/irritability
4) perform metabolism
5) made of cells
6) involved in evolution
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
size
organelles (including nucleus)
DNA
ribosomes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes: Size
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Exceptionally large bacteria
Thiomargarita namibiensis
Common
prokaryotic
cell shapes
pleomorphic
Prokaryotic cell arrangements
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External structures
Bacterial flagellum/a
Flagellar Arrangements
monotrichous
amphitrichous
lophotrichous
peritrichous
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Bacterial movement by flagella
or “swim &
twiddle”
axial filaments made
of periplasmic
flagella/endoflagella
Bacterial fimbria/fimbriae
Archaeal hamus/hami
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Bacterial
pilus/pili
Other
bacterial
structures
stalk
sheath
prostheca
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Cell wall
carbohydrate
Peptidoglycan
Sugars: NAM &
NAG
mycolic acid
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O antigen/side chain
lipid A
Why
organisms
make cells
walls
Cytoplasmic/
plasma/cell
membrane
hopanoids
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Nitrosomonas: folded membrane
for respiration
Rhodospirillum: folded
membrane for photosynthesis
cytoskeleton
Other
prokaryotic
internal
structures
(inclusions)
lipid
Bt toxin
protein
carboxysomes
sulfur
magnetite
aka. gas
vacuoles
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Endospores
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