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CRUSADES
For use with the Britannica Student Encyclopedia article
“Crusade.”
PART ONE
Match the following names and places from the Crusades with the correct description.
1. _______ Clermont
A. Leaders of the Third Crusade
2. _______ Stephen of France and Nicholas of
Germany
B. Coleader of the Eighth Crusade
C. The “Defender of the Holy Sepulchre,” chosen
to rule the Holy Land after the First Crusade
3. _______ Frederick II of Sicily
D. German emperor who led the Sixth Crusade
4. _______ Godfrey of Bouillon
E. Holy Land city besieged in the Third Crusade
5. _______ Jerusalem
F. King of France who led the Seventh Crusade
but was captured
6. _______ Hospitalers, Templars, and the
Teutonic Order
G. Leaders of the Second Crusade
7. _______ Seljuk Turks
H. Adriatic commercial city seized by crusaders
for the Venetians
8. _______ Louis IX
I. Leaders of the two Children’s Crusades in 1212
9. _______ Peter Barthelemy
J. Leaders of two ill-planned “people’s crusades”
K. Muslim ruler who seized Jerusalem in 1187
10. _______ Antioch
L. Pope who called for the first crusade
11. _______ Prince Edward
M. When they occupied the Holy Land they
allowed pilgrims to enter peacefully
12. _______ Richard the Lion-Hearted, Philip
Augustus, and Frederick Barbarossa
N. Priest whose dreams inspired the crusaders to
rout the Turks at Antioch
13. _______ Saladin
O. Site of the 1095 council that launched the First
Crusade
14. _______ Alexius Commenus
P. Captured Jerusalem in 1071 and began to per
secute Christians
15. _______ Saracens
16. _______ Urban II
Q. Special orders of knighthood that protected the
Holy Land
17. _______ Walter the Penniless and Peter the
Hermit
R. The “city of great towers” that was the site of
the first siege of the crusades
18. _______ Conrad III and Louis VII
S. Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
19. _______ Zara
T. The sacred city of the Holy Land, site of the
tomb of Christ and the Mount of Olives
20. _______ Acre
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© 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
PART TWO
For each of the statements below, determine whether it applies to the First
(1), Second (2), Third (3), or Fourth (4) Crusade.
1. ______ Saladin agreed to a three-year truce with Richard the Lion-Hearted that allowed pilgrims to visit the Holy Sepulchre.
2. ______ The crusaders were inspired by Peter Barthelemy’s visions of victory.
3. ______ Antioch was besieged and captured by crusaders, who were then themselves
besieged by the Turks.
4. ______ This crusade was undertaken to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin.
5. ______ Mismanaged by Conrad III and Louis VII, it ended in defeat.
6. ______ The pope’s speech at Clermont inspired his audience to rescue the Holy Land.
7. ______ Organized to attack Muslims in Egypt, it was motivated by political and commercial
greed.
8. ______ The crusaders took Jerusalem in 1099.
9. ______ Richard the Lion-Hearted and Philip of France took their armies to the Holy Land by
sea.
10. ______ Following this crusade, special orders of knighthood were created to protect the
Holy Land.
11. ______ This crusade was begun because Alexius Commenus feared the Turks would capture Constantinople.
12. ______ St. Bernard of Clairvaux inspired, but did not lead, it.
13. ______ The Christian city of Constantinople was captured by Christian crusaders against
the pope’s wishes.
14. ______ Venetians agreed to give crusaders sea passage in exchange for capturing a rival
city.
15. ______ The Holy Land city of Acre was besieged and fell.
16. ______ Two “people’s crusades” set off for the Holy Land before the crusaders.
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© 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
PART THREE
Below are several reasons Europeans went on the Crusades. Rank them
from one to four in what you think is their order of importance, with “1”
assigned to what you think was the most important cause of the Crusades.
_______ Europeans wanted to protect themselves from invasion by first the Turks and later Saladin.
_______ The church wanted to end the persecution of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land and put
Jerusalem and its holy sites under Christian control.
___
_______ European rulers wanted to expand the lands and countries under European control.
_______ Individuals wanted to escape the feudal order of Europe and get their own estates in the East.
Looking at the reason you chose as number one, why do you think it was the most important reason for
the Crusades?
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Below are several effects the Crusades had on Europe. Rank them from one to three in what
you think is their order of importance, with “1” assigned to what you think was the most important effect of the Crusades.
_______ European towns opened trade contact with the East and imported new products, creating new
economies and spurring the growth of the towns.
_______ Europeans were exposed to superior arts, architecture, science, and medicine, which would
later inspire the Renaissance.
_______ The loss of the Holy Land meant Europeans had to find westward ways around it, leading to
the Age of Discovery.
Looking at the effect you chose as number one, why do you think it was the most important effect of the
Crusades?
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© 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.