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Transcript
Aim: How does evolution occur by natural selection? Do Now: What is an adaptation? Can adaptations be acquired? Explain. HW: January 2014 #13-48 Evolution 3 How Does Evolution Occur? EVOLUTION is a slow change in a _________ species over time. Evolution occurs by a process called NATURAL SELECTION _________________________. Read this cartoon, what do you think NATURAL SELECTION is? Lamarck’s theory of Evolution Lamarck believed that by the selective USE or DISUSE of characteristics, organisms lost or acquired certain traits that would be passed on to the offspring. Darwin Considered the “_________” father of evolution. Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos ___________________ , an uninhabited island environment, where he studied evolution Darwin’s Finches (_________________) Natural Selection KEY NATURAL SELECTION is the _________ to Darwin’s theory. According to this theory, evolution is NATURE . Only the controlled by __________ SURVIVE and organisms that are able to ___________ REPRODUCE will pass on their genes. ________________ Natural Selection vs. Artificial Selection ________ People select the desirable traits that will appear in the Offspring. ____________ Environment selects the desirable traits that will appear in the offspring. Conditions that are vital to Evolution: Overproduction Variation Struggle For Survival Best Adapted To Survive Darwin did NOT have knowledge genetic basis of of the _________ inheritance Overproduction More offspring are produced than can survive (most die young). ___________ Overproduction leads to Organisms such as bacteria, fish, insects, COMPETITION!! high and rabbits have ________ reproductive rates because the chance that their young minimal will survive is___________. Variation Variation: Individuals differences in their have__________ appearance, structure, or genes. Source of variation: Sexual Reproduction (sperm + egg) _______ Meiosis (Indp. Ass. & Crossing __________ Over) Mutation __________ (Change in DNA) Mutations Mutations change the base sequence of ________. DNA Most mutations are ___________, HARMFUL but some can help the organism ____________. SURVIVE Best Adapted To Survive The __________________ ENVIRONMENT chooses which traits have adaptive value. An individual that has traits favorable in a certain environment will live to reproduce _____________ and pass on those die out. traits, others will _____ Adaptive Value Adaptive Value: a change that produces a trait survive that helps an organism____________. Camouflage Ex: _____________ If all the members of a species were the same wipe outthe then an environmental change would _______ entire species. VARIATION ____________ increases the chance that some members of a species will survive _____________. Struggle For Survival “Survival of the fittest” BEST suited will survive Only those _________ finite (limited) because of competition for ______ oxygen, water, food, and shelter resources (___________________________) Conditions that lead to Evolution: Patterns Of Change Species with ________ SHORT reproductive cycles MANY offspring tend to that produce ________ quickly than species with evolve more ________ LONG life spans and ______ FEW _________ offspring. Types: steadily a) Gradualism – evolution occurs _________ through time (Slow & Continuous) . b) Punctuated Equilibrium- species stay the same for long periods of time and then change _______. rapidly Examples of Natural Selection Industrial Melanism Antibiotic / Pesticide Resistance Antibiotic Resistance Ex: Punctuated Equlibrium When bacteria are exposed to an antibiotic there is a chance that a few will have a gene that makes themRESISTANT ____________. The bacteria WITHOUT ___________ the resistance will be killed, while those that are RESISTANT survive and pass on their __________ will ________ genes for antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic is the selecting agent Resistant Bacteria Antibiotic X Why should we be concerned about antibiotic overuse? Why does evolution matter now? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html Pesticide Resistance Insect A- Has resistance to A Insect B- Has resistance to B Insect C- Has resistance to C What would happen to the population if insecticide A were sprayed on the field? The pesticide selected only those flies that were __________ resistant to pesticide A to survive. In other words, some insects had a __________ MUTATION that allowed them to survive the presence of the insecticide. These insects were then able to ___________ reproduce and pass their _________ mutation into the next generation. Extinction disappearance of an entire species (ex. The ______________ Dinosaurs) It can be caused by temperature changes, pollution, or _______________________________________ landscape changes ___________________