Download the passive voice - Aula Virtual Maristas Mediterránea

THE PASSIVE VOICE:
USES :
IT IS USED MORE FREQUENTLY IN ENGLISH THAN IN SPANISH. WE ARE MORE INTERESTED IN
THE ACTION ITSELF THAN THE PERSON WHO DID IT.
FORM: TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE .
ACTIVE: SUBJECT + VERB+ OBJECT. The object of the verb in the active sentence becomes the
subject in the passive sentence. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent in the
passive sentence.
PASSIVE : OBJECT + VERB + SUBJECT: by agent when necessary)
NOTE . We can also use the verb get as an auxiliary with the passive , and
the structure is the same, but it’s not very common.
Ex: I broke my watch.
My watch got broken.
NOTE: THE VERB “TO BE BORN” IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON IN
PASSIVE. Example: Where were you born ?I was born in summer.
BY- AGENT (grammar reference unit 9)
It is not necessary except when it is a proper noun (Ana) a noun (my dog, my sister…) or when
it’s important for the speaker.
EXAMPLES: The queen opened the show. The show was opened by the queen. It is necessary.
A police officer stopped John. John was stopped by a police officer. It is necessary
Someone robbed me. I was robbed. It is not necessary.
People speak English here. English is spoken here. It is not necessary.
They make clothes in India. Clothes are made in India. It is not necessary.
CHANGE IN VERBS
PRESENT SIMPLE
MARÍA BESA SPEAKS ENGLISH
ENGLISH IS SPOKEN BY MARÍA BESA
BLANCA SPEAKS FOUR LANGUAGES.
FOUR LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN BY BLANCA.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
CARMEN IS BUYING A CAR.
CARMEN IS BUYING TWO CARS.
A CAR IS BEING BOUGHT BY CARMEN.
TWO CARS ARE BEING BOUGHT BY CARMEN.
WILL: (FUTURE SIMPLE)
RAQUEL WILL DRIVE A CAR.
A CAR WILL BE DRIVEN BY RAQUEL.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS:
JESÚS AND ALICIA WILL BE MAKING A CAKE
A CAKE WILL BE BEING MADE BY J. AND A.
FUTURE PERFECT:
JAVIER AND CARLOS WILL HAVE RECYCLED PAPER.
PAPER WILL HAVE BEEN RECYCLED BY J.AND C.
GOING TO:
MARTA IS GOING TO BUY A CAR
A CAR IS GOING TO BE BOUGHT BY MARTA
CANDELA IS GOING TO BUY TWO CARS.
TWO CARS ARE GOING TO BE BOUGHT.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
ROBERTO AND JOSÉ A. HAVE DONE THE HOMEWORK
VICTORIA HAS VISITED LONDON AND NEW YORK.
THE HOMEWORK HAS BEEN DONE BY …
LONDON AND NEW YORK HAVE BEEN VISITED BY …
PAST SIMPLE
PILAR DREW A PICTURE.
PILAR DREW TWO PICTURES.
A PICTURE WAS DRAWN BY PILAR.
TWO PICTURES WERE DRAWN BY PILAR.
PAST CONTINUOUS
JESÚS S. AND CELIA WERE STUDYING ENGLISH. ENGLISH WAS BEING STUDIED BY J. AND C.
JESÚS S. AND CELIA WERE STUDYING TWO SUBJECTS. TWO SUBJECTS WERE BEING STUDIED BY J.AND C
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
MARÍA AND RAQUEL HAD BUILT A HOUSE.
A HOUSE HAD BEEN BUILT BY …
MODAL VERBS
CHAISE CAN PLAY BASKETBALL
* BASKETBALL CAN BE PLAYED BY CHAISE.
VICTORIA COULD PLAY BASKETBALL
* BASKETBALL COULD BE PLAYED BY VICTORIA.
BLANCA SHOULD PLAY BASKETBALL
* BASKETBALL SHOULD BE PLAYED BY BLANCA.
ALICIA SHOULD HAVE PLAYED…
* BASKETBALL SHOULD HAVE BEEN PLAYED BY AL.
JOSÉ A. HAS TO BUILD A HOUSE.
* A HOUSE HAS TO BE BUILT BY JOSÉ A.
VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS:
SOME VERBS: GIVE, TEACH, TELL, SEND, LEND, OFFER, SELL, BUY, KEEP, MAKE AND SHOW ARE
FOLLOWED BY AN INDIRECT AND A DIRECT OBJECT.
•
SENTENCES IN WHICH THE INDIRECT OBJECT BECOMES THE SUBJECT ARE MORE
COMMON.
•
JAVI SENT CELIA A LOVE LETTER.
IO
DO
SHE WAS SENT A LOVE LETTER.
•
•
IF WE BEGIN THE SENTENCE WITH THE DIRECT OBJECT,THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS
PRECEDED BY TO
•
JAVI SENT
CELIA A LOVE LETTER.
IO
DO
A LOVE LETTER WAS SENT TO HER.
•
HOWEVER, IF WE USE BUY, KEEP OR MAKE, THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS PRECEDED BY
FOR.
CLEMEN MADE THEM A CAKE.
IO
DO
A CAKE WAS MADE FOR THEM BY CLEMEN
THEY WERE MADE A CAKE BY CLEMEN
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE : THE PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS
IMPERSONAL SUBJECTS:
VERBS OF KNOWLEDGE:
People…
Someone…
They…
Say, believe, consider, hope, know, suppose, think and
understand, expect. (most common verbs).
1. EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal : present simple.verbo subordinado presente.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordinate clause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO BE A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Simple
2A.-EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal : present simple, verbo subordinada en pasado.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordinate clause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Comp.
2B.- Ex: PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY.. ACTIVE VOICE.
A) IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY. PASSIVE VOICE.
B) HE IS BELIEVED TO HAVE WON (inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
3.-EX: PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.
Verbo principal : Past simple, verbo subordinada past perfect..
A) IT WAS BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
B)HE WAS BELIEVED TO HAVE WON
(inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
•
WE USE THIS STRUCTURE TO EXPRESS ACTIONS THAT WE CAN’T OR DON’T WANT TO
DO OURSELVES .WE WANT TO EXPRESS THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE DO FOR US.
GET SOMETHING DONE IS MORE INFORMAL THAN HAVE SOMETHING DONE.
A) JESÚS IS HAVING/IS GETTING HIS HAIR CUT.
B) CARLOS AND CARMEN HAD/GOT THE HOUSE PAINTED. PILAR AND ROBERTO
PAINTED THE HOUSE FOR THEM.
C) JAVI, JESÚS AND JOSÉ A . ARE FLATMATES.WHEN JAVI AND JESÚS ARRIVE HOME,
JOSÉ A .WILL HAVE THE CARPETS CLEANED.
D) ALICIA, CHAISE, BLANCA AND JESÚS S. ARE HAVING /ARE GETTING THEIR BIKE FIXED