Download the passive voice - Aula Virtual Maristas Mediterránea

THE PASSIVE VOICE:
USES :
IT IS USED MORE FREQUENTLY IN ENGLISH THAN IN SPANISH. WE ARE MORE INTERESTED IN
THE ACTION ITSELF THAN THE PERSON WHO DID IT.
FORM: TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE .
ACTIVE: SUBJECT + VERB+ OBJECT. The object of the verb in the active sentence becomes the
subject in the passive sentence. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent in the
passive sentence.
PASSIVE : OBJECT + VERB + SUBJECT: by agent when necessary)
NOTE . We can also use the verb get as an auxiliary with the passive , and
the structure is the same, but it’s not very common.
Ex: I broke my watch.
My watch got broken.
NOTE: THE VERB “TO BE BORN” IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON IN
PASSIVE. Example: Where were you born?I was born in summer.
BY- AGENT (grammar reference unit 6)
It is not necessary except when it is a proper noun (Miguel) a noun (my dog, my sister…) or
when it’s important for the speaker.
CHANGE IN VERBS
PRESENT SIMPLE
I SPEAK ENGLISH
ENGLISH IS SPOKEN.
I SPEAK FOUR LANGUAGES.
FOUR LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
I AM BUYING A CAR.
A CAR IS BEING BOUGHT.
I AM BUYING TWO CARS.
TWO CARS ARE BEING BOUGHT.
WILL: (FUTURE SIMPLE)
JUAN CARLOS WILL DRIVE A CAR
A CAR WILL BE DRIVEN BY JUAN CARLOS
FUTURE CONTINUOUS:
INMA AND ALEJANDRO WILL BE MAKING
A CAKE A CAKE WILL BE BEING MADE BY I and A
FUTURE PERFECT:
JUAN C. AND ALE WILL HAVE RECYCLED PAPER PAPER WILL HAVE BEEN RECYCLED BY J C. AND A
GOING TO:
I AM GOING TO BUY A CAR
I AM GOING TO BUY TWO CARS.
A CAR IS GOING TO BE BOUGHT.
TWO CARS ARE GOING TO BE BOUGHT.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
YOU HAVE DONE THE HOMEWORK:
THE HOMEWORK HAS BEEN DONE.
SHE HAS VISITED LONDON AND NEW YORK. LONDON AND NEW YORK HAVE BEEN VISITED.
PAST SIMPLE
ANTONIA DREW A PICTURE.
ANTONIA DREW TWO PICTURES.
A PICTURE WAS DRAWN BY ANTONIA.
TWO PICTURES WERE DRAWN BY ANTONIA.
PAST CONTINUOUS
BEGOÑA AND ESTHER WERE STUDYING ENGLISH.ENGLISH WAS BEING STUDIED BY B. AND E.
BEGOÑA AND ESTHER WERE STUDYING TWO SUBJECTS.TWO SUBJECTS WERE BEING STUDIED…
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
VICTORIA AND NATALIA HAD BUILT A HOUSE. A HOUSE HAD BEEN BUILT BY V. and N.
MODAL VERBS
I CAN PLAY FOOTBALL
* FOOTBALL CAN BE PLAYED
I COULD PLAY FOOTBALL
* FOOTBALL COULD BE PLAYED.
I SHOULD STUDY ENGLISH
* ENGLISH SHOULD BE STUDIED.
I SHOULD HAVE STUDIED ENGLISH
* ENGLISH SHOULD HAVE BEEN STUDIED.
I HAVE TO BUILD A HOUSE.
* A HOUSE HAS TO BE BUILT.
VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS:
SOME VERBS: GIVE, TEACH, TELL, SEND, LEND, OFFER, SELL, BUY, KEEP, MAKE AND SHOW ARE
FOLLOWED BY AN INDIRECT AND A DIRECT OBJECT.
•
SENTENCES IN WHICH THE INDIRECT OBJECT BECOMES THE SUBJECT ARE MORE
COMMON.
•
•
PILAR SENT HIM A LOVE LETTER. ………………… HE WAS SENT A LOVE LETTER BY P.
IF WE BEGIN THE SENTENCE WITH THE DIRECT OBJECT,THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS
PRECEDED BY TO
PILAR SENT HIM A LOVE LETTER…………………… A LOVE LETTER WAS SENT TO HIM
•
•
HOWEVER, IF WE USE BUY, KEEP OR MAKE, THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS PRECEDED BY
FOR.
MARÍA MADE HIM A CAKE. ………………….. HE WAS MADE A CAKE BY M.
A CAKE WAS MADE FOR HIM BY CELIA.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE
IMPERSONAL SUBJECTS:
VERBS OF KNOWLEDGE:
People…
Someone…
They…
Say, believe, consider, hope, know, suppose, think and
understand, expect. (most common verbs).
1. EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal : present simple.verbo subordinado presente.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordínate clause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO BE A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Simple
2A.-EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal :present simple, verbo subordinada en pasado.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordinateclause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Comp.
2B.- Ex:PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY.. ACTIVE VOICE.
A) IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY. PASSIVE VOICE.
B) HE IS BELIEVED TO HAVE WON (inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
3.-EX: PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.
Verboprincipal : Past simple, verbosubordinada past perfect..
A)IT WAS BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
B)HE WAS BELIEVEDTO HAVE WON (inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
EX: PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT HE IS LIVING IN LONDON.
A) IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE IS LIVING IN LONDON. PASSIVE VOICE.
B) HE IS BELIEVED TO BE LIVING IN LONDON.
***WE use PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto)when the action of the
subordinate verb is earlier than the action of the main verb.
1.-Present Simple(MV) ------------Past Simple (SB)/Pres. Present(already,yet…)
2.-Past Simple(MV)----------------- Past Perfect (SB)
HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
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WE USE THIS STRUCTURE TO EXPRESS ACTIONS THAT WE CAN’T OR DON’T WANT TO
DO OURSELVES.WE WANT TO EXPRESS THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE DO FOR US.
GET SOMETHING DONE IS MORE INFORMAL THAN HAVE SOMETHING DONE.
A) LAURA IS HAVING/GETTING HER HAIR CUT.
B) ISABEL AND ALICIA HAD/GOT THE HOUSE PAINTED. NURIA AND MARTA PAINTED THE
HOUSE FOR THEM.
C) THEY ARE FLATMATES.WHEN IRENE AND CARMEN ARRIVE HOME, GLORIA WILL HAVE
THE CARPETS CLEANED.
D) MARÍA ,ANDREA , ALICIA AND ISABEL ARE HAVING /GETTINGTHEIR BIKE FIXED.
Tense
have/get something done
Present Simple
I have/get my hair cut.
Past Simple
I had/got my hair cut.
Present Continuous I'm having/getting my hair cut.
Past Continuous
I was having/getting my hair cut.
Present Perfect
I have had my hair cut.
Past Perfect
I had had my hair cut.
will
I will have my hair cut.
must
I must have my hair cut.
be going to
I'm going to have my hair cut.