Download the passive voice - Aula Virtual Maristas Mediterránea

THE PASSIVE VOICE:
USES :
IT IS USED MORE FREQUENTLY IN ENGLISH THAN IN SPANISH. WE ARE MORE INTERESTED IN
THE ACTION ITSELF THAN THE PERSON WHO DID IT.
FORM: TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE .
ACTIVE: SUBJECT + VERB+ OBJECT. The object of the verb in the active sentence becomes the
subject in the passive sentence. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent in the
passive sentence.
PASSIVE : OBJECT + VERB + SUBJECT: by agent when necessary)
NOTE . We can also use the verb get as an auxiliary with the passive , and
the structure is the same, but it’s not very common.
Ex: I broke my watch.
My watch got broken.
NOTE: THE VERB “TO BE BORN” IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON IN
PASSIVE. Example: Where were you born?I was born in summer.
BY- AGENT (grammar reference unit 6)
It is not necessary except when it is a proper noun (Miguel) a noun (my dog, my sister…) or
when it’s important for the speaker.
CHANGE IN VERBS
PRESENT SIMPLE
I SPEAK ENGLISH
ENGLISH IS SPOKEN.
I SPEAK FOUR LANGUAGES.
FOUR LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
I AM BUYING A CAR.
A CAR IS BEING BOUGHT.
I AM BUYING TWO CARS.
TWO CARS ARE BEING BOUGHT.
WILL: (FUTURE SIMPLE)
ROBERTO WILL DRIVE A CAR
A CAR WILL BE DRIVEN BY ROBERTO
FUTURE CONTINUOUS:
ÁNGELA AND CARRASCO WILL BE MAKING A CAKE A CAKE WILL BE BEING MADE BY A. AND C.
FUTURE PERFECT:
PICÓN AND VICENTE WILL HAVE RECYCLED PAPER PAPER WILL HAVE BEEN RECYCLED BY P. AND V
GOING TO:
I AM GOING TO BUY A CAR
A CAR IS GOING TO BE BOUGHT.
I AM GOING TO BUY TWO CARS.
TWO CARS ARE GOING TO BE BOUGHT.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
YOU HAVE DONE THE HOMEWORK:
THE HOMEWORK HAS BEEN DONE.
SHE HAS VISITED LONDON AND NEW YORK. LONDON AND NEW YORK HAVE BEEN VISITED.
PAST SIMPLE
ANA DREW A PICTURE.
ANA DREW TWO PICTURES.
A PICTURE WAS DRAWN BY ANA.
TWO PICTURES WERE DRAWN BY ANA.
PAST CONTINUOUS
JAIME AND MARTA WERE STUDYING ENGLISH.ENGLISH WAS BEING STUDIED BY J. AND M.
JAIME AND MARTA WERE STUDYING TWO SUBJECTS.TWO SUBJECTS WERE BEING STUDIED…
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
GLORIA AND ÁLVARO HAD BUILT A HOUSE.
A HOUSE HAD BEEN BUILT BY G. AND A.
MODAL VERBS
I CAN PLAY FOOTBALL
* FOOTBALL CAN BE PLAYED
I COULD PLAY FOOTBALL
* FOOTBALL COULD BE PLAYED.
I SHOULD STUDY ENGLISH
* ENGLISH SHOULD BE STUDIED.
I SHOULD HAVE STUDIED ENGLISH
* ENGLISH SHOULD HAVE BEEN STUDIED.
I HAVE TO BUILD A HOUSE.
* A HOUSE HAS TO BE BUILT.
VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS:
SOME VERBS: GIVE, TEACH, TELL, SEND, LEND, OFFER, SELL, BUY, KEEP, MAKE AND SHOW ARE
FOLLOWED BY AN INDIRECT AND A DIRECT OBJECT.
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SENTENCES IN WHICH THE INDIRECT OBJECT BECOMES THE SUBJECT ARE MORE
COMMON.
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•
BRUNO SENT HER A LOVE LETTER. ………………… SHE WAS SENT A LOVE LETTER BY B,
IF WE BEGIN THE SENTENCE WITH THE DIRECT OBJECT,THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS
PRECEDED BY TO
BRUNO SENT HER A LOVE LETTER…………………… A LOVE LETTER WAS SENT TO HER.
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HOWEVER, IF WE USE BUY, KEEP OR MAKE, THE INDIRECT OBJECT IS PRECEDED BY
FOR.
CELIA MADE HIM A CAKE. ………………….. A CAKE WAS MADE FOR HIM BY CELIA.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE
IMPERSONAL SUBJECTS:
VERBS OF KNOWLEDGE:
People…
Someone…
They…
Say, believe, consider, hope, know, suppose, think and
understand, expect. (most common verbs).
1. EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal : present simple.verbo subordinado presente.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE IS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordínate clause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO BE A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Simple
2A.-EX: PEOPLE SAY THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS. ACTIVE VOICE.
Verbo principal :present simple, verbo subordinada en pasado.
A) IT IS SAID THAT SHE WAS A GOOD ACTRESS . PASSIVE VOICE.
Sujeto impersonal + verbo pasivo+ subordinateclause.
B) SHE IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN A GOOD ACTRESS.
Sujeto de la subordinada+ verbo principal en pasiva+verbo subordinado en
infiniti. Comp.
2B.- Ex:PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY.. ACTIVE VOICE.
A) IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE WON THE LOTTERY. PASSIVE VOICE.
B) HE IS BELIEVED TO HAVE WON (inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
3.-EX: PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.
Verboprincipal : Past simple, verbosubordinada past perfect..
A)IT WAS BELIEVED THAT HE HAD WON THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
B)HE WAS BELIEVEDTO HAVE WON (inf. Compuesto) THE LOTTERY.PASSIVE VOICE.
EX: PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT HE IS LIVING IN LONDON.
A) IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE IS LIVING IN LONDON. PASSIVE VOICE.
B) HE IS BELIEVED TO BE LIVING IN LONDON.
***WE use PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto)when the action of the
subordinate verb is earlier than the action of the main verb.
1.-Present Simple(MV) ------------Past Simple (SB)/Pres. Present(already,yet…)
2.-Past Simple(MV)----------------- Past Perfect (SB)
HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE
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WE USE THIS STRUCTURE TO EXPRESS ACTIONS THAT WE CAN’T OR DON’T WANT TO
DO OURSELVES.WE WANT TO EXPRESS THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE DO FOR US.
GET SOMETHING DONE IS MORE INFORMAL THAN HAVE SOMETHING DONE.
A) JESÚS IS HAVING/GETTING HIS HAIR CUT.
B) BLANCA AND CHEMA HAD/GOT THE HOUSE PAINTED. JAVI AND CARMEN PAINTED THE
HOUSE FOR THEM.
C) THEY ARE FLATMATES.WHEN ALICIA AND JAVI ALCÓN ARRIVE HOME, JOSÉ RAMÓN
WILL HAVE THE CARPETS CLEANED.
D) FABIÁN, MARÍA , REINO AND JAVI F.G. ARE HAVING /GETTINGTHEIR BIKE FIXED.