Download Unit 4 AP Exam: Cell Division

Unit 4 AP Exam: Cell Division
Short Answer Question.
A group of students treated onion roots cells with lectin (proteins that play a role in protein and cell
recognition) and caffeine (alkaloid stimulant drug) to determine if they had an effect on the amount of
time spent in each phase of mitotic cell division. The results are shown below.
a) Write a null hypothesis for the experiment that is testing lectin. 5 pts.
b) Calculate the X² values for each variable tested. 10 pts.
c) Which variable (s) affected mitosis in a statistically significant way? For each variable that had
an affect explain WHAT affect it had on the cell. 10 pts.
Chi Square Test for Treated Alium (scallion) Roots
Control (water) 86% of cells in interphase; 14% in mitosis
Lectin treatment
o
interphase
mitosis
e
(o-e)
Σ (o-e)2 = experimental χ2 = _____
e
o
e
(o-e)
(o-e)2
(o-e)2
e
549
26
Σ (o-e)2 = experimental χ2 = ______
e
Caffeine, 5 mM
o
interphase
mitosis
(o-e)2
e
417
209
Caffeine, 1 mM
interphase
mitosis
(o-e)2
e
(o-e)
(o-e)2
(o-e)2
e
449
20
Σ (o-e)2 = experimental χ2 = ______
Multiple Choice.
1) The centromere is a region in which
A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.
B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate.
C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase.
D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis.
E) new spindle microtubules form at either end.
2) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo
with how many cells?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) 32
E) 64
3) For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than
binary fission?
A) Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms.
B) Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes.
C) Cell division would be faster than binary fission.
D) Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication.
E) Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in the figure shows a diploid nucleus with four
chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes,
one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black
and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered
circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal
conditions for the following stages.
4) at prometaphase of mitosis. B
5) one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis.E
6) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug
that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) telophase
D) metaphase
E) interphase
Use the data in Table 12.1 to answer the following questions.
The data were obtained from a study of the length of time spent in each phase of the cell cycle by cells of three
eukaryotic organisms designated beta, delta, and gamma.
Table 12.1: Minutes Spent in Cell Cycle Phases
7) Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phases for beta and gamma is
that
A) gamma contains more DNA than beta.
B) beta and gamma contain the same amount of DNA.
C) beta contains more RNA than gamma.
D) gamma contains 48 times more DNA and RNA than beta.
E) beta is a plant cell and gamma is an animal cell.
8) The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells
A) contain no DNA.
B) contain no RNA.
C) contain only one chromosome that is very short.
D) are actually in the G0 phase.
E) divide in the G1 phase.
9) Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants
A) the spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas animal spindles do not contain
microfibrils.
B) sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals.
C) a cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at that stage.
D) chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in animals chromosomes do not
become attached until anaphase.
E) spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not.
10) Which of the following are primarily responsible for cytokinesis in plant cells?
A) kinetochores
B) Golgi-derived vesicles
C) actin and myosin
D) centrioles and basal bodies
E) cyclin-dependent kinases
11) Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?
A) prometaphase
B) telophase
C) prophase
D) metaphase
E) anaphase
12) Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that
A) reduces cyclin concentrations.
B) increases cyclin concentrations.
C) prevents elongation of microtubules.
D) prevents shortening of microtubules.
E) prevents attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.
13) A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average
of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Those cells would have __________ picograms at the end of the S phase
and __________ picograms at the end of G2.
A) 8; 8
B) 8; 16
C) 16; 8
D) 16; 16
E) 12; 16
14) Which of the following best describes how chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle during
mitosis?
A) The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules.
B) Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules.
C) Non-kinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles.
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C
15) If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will
A) move directly into telophase.
B) complete the cycle and divide.
C) exit the cycle and switch to a nondividing state.
D) show a drop in MPF concentration.
E) complete cytokinesis and form new cell walls.
16) Which of the following is a protein maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle that requires
cyclin to become catalytically active?
A) PDGF
B) MPF
C) protein kinase
D) cyclin
E) Cdk
17) Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following?
A) As cells become more numerous, they begin to squeeze against each other, restricting their size and ability
to produce control factors.
B) As cells become more numerous, the cell surface proteins of one cell contact the adjoining cells and they
stop dividing.
C) As cells become more numerous, the protein kinases they produce begin to compete with each other, such
that the proteins produced by one cell essentially cancel those produced by its neighbor.
D) As cells become more numerous, more and more of them enter the S phase of the cell cycle.
E) As cells become more numerous, the level of waste products increases, eventually slowing down
metabolism.
18) Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?
A) Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals
reproducing sexually transmit only 50%.
B) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual
reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring.
C) Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two.
D) Asexual reproduction requires only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis.
E) Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is utilized only by
plants and animals.
19) Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life
cycles have in common?
I.
Alternation of generations
II.
Meiosis
III.
Fertilization
IV.
Gametes
V.
Spores
A) I, IV, and V
B) I, II, and IV
C) II, III, and IV
D) II, IV, and V
E) All of the above
20) Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some
algae?
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) I and III
21) Which of the life cycles is typical for most fungi and some
protists?
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) I and III
22) In part III of Figure 13.1, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?
A) Zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis
B) Sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization
C) Fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte
D) Gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote
E) Meiosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis, adult, meiosis
23) In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of Figure 13.1, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which
of the following will be true?
A) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5.
B) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10.
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell.
D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell.
E) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 20 chromosomes per cell.
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for
each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
24) If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent
a gametophyte cell?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Either I or II
E) Either II or III
25) Which sample of DNA might be from a nerve cell arrested in
G0 of the cell cycle?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Either I or II
E) Either II or III
26) Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Both I and II
E) Both II and III
27) Which sample might represent a sperm cell?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Either I or II
E) Either II or III
Refer to the following information and Figure below to answer the following questions.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its
genes, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene, as shown in Figure 13.4.
28) A certain female's chromosomes 12 both have the blue gene
and chromosomes 19 both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs
(ova) may have which of the following?
A) Either two chromosomes 12 with blue genes or two with orange genes
B) Either two chromosomes 19 with long genes or two with short genes
C) Either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long and one short gene
D) One chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene
29) If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an
orange gene, she will produce which of the following egg types?
A) Only blue gene eggs
B) Only orange gene eggs
C) 1/2 blue and 1/2 orange gene eggs
D) 3/4 blue and 1/4 orange gene eggs
E) An indeterminate frequency of blue and orange gene eggs
30) Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the
metaphase plate during meiosis I.
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
E) All of the above
Use the following picture to answer the last question. (5 points)
What percent of asci show crossing over? (Only count the asci that
I have labeled with an x:__________________