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NEWTON’S LAWS By: Stacey Newville An Object In Motion Changes Position Position is measured from a reference point. Motion is measured relative to an observer. starting position ending position Position An object’s location. Reference Point A location to which another location is compared. Motion A change of position over time. Speed A measure of how fast positions change over time; how fast something moves. Speed = distance time 65 MPH (Miles Per Hour) Velocity Speed in a specific direction. Velocity Vector A quantity that has both size and direction. Acceleration Measures how fast velocity changes; The rate at which velocity changes over time Acceleration in the Same Direction as Motion Acceleration in the Opposite Direction of Motion Acceleration at a Right Angle to Motion Newton's First Law Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion remain in motion with the same velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Force A push or a pull that changes the motion of an object. Net Force The overall force acting on an object when all of the forces acting on it are combined. Inertia The resistance of an object to a change in the speed or the direction of its motion. Newton's Second Law The acceleration of an object increases with increased force and decreases with increased mass, and is in the same direction as the force. small force larger force same mass, larger force = increased acceleration larger mass, same force = decreased acceleration Centripetal Force Any force that keeps an object moving in a circle. The centripetal force of a hula-hoop allows it to stay on my hips. Newton's Third Law When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. Momentum A property of a moving object. It is the measure of mass in motion. The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity. momentum Forces in collisions are equal and opposite. Momentum is conserved in collisions. total momentum momentum 1 momentum 2 forces in collision Collision A situation in which two objects in close contact exchange energy and momentum. Conservation of Momentum A law stating that the amount of momentum a system of objects has does not change as long as there are no outside forces acting on that system. Gravity A force of attraction between two masses. Greater mass results in greater force. Greater distance results in smaller force. Weight – The force of gravity on an object Friction A force that resists motion between two surfaces that are pressed together. Frictional force depends on: -Types of surfaces - Motion of surfaces - Force pressing surfaces together friction Air resistance is a type of friction air resistance gravity