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Energy in Motion
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acceleration: rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by
dividing the change in the velocity by the time it takes the
change to occur
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air resistance: force that opposes the motion of objects that
move through the air
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average speed: total distance an object travels divided by the
total time it takes to travel that distance
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balanced forces: forces on a object that combine to give a zero
net force and do not change the motion of the object
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centripetal acceleration: acceleration of an object toward the
center of a curved or circular path
sliding friction: frictional force that opposes the motion of two
surfaces sliding past each other
speed: distance an object travels per unit of time
static friction: frictional force that prevents two surfaces from
sliding past each other
third law of motion: states that when one object exerts a force
on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first
object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction
unbalanced forces: forces that combine to produce a net force
that is not equal to zero and cause the velocity of an object to
change
chemical potential energy: energy stored in chemical bonds
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displacement: distance and direction of an object's change in
position from the starting point
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velocity: the speed and direction of a moving object
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weight: gravitational force exerted on an object
elastic potential energy: energy stored when an object is
compressed or stretched
energy: the ability to do work and cause a change to occur
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first law of motion: states that if the net force on an object is
zero, then an object at rest remains at rest, or, if the object is
moving, it continues moving with constant velocity
force: a push or pull exerted on an object
friction: a force that opposes the sliding motion between
objects that are in contact
gravitational potential energy: energy stored by objects due
to their position above Earth's surface; depends on the distance
above Earth's surface and the object's mass
gravity: attractive force between two objects that depends on
the masses of the objects and the distance between them
inertia: resistance of an object to a change in its motion
instantaneous peed: speed of an object at a given point in
time; is constant for an object moving with constant speed, and
changes with time for an object that is slowing down or
speeding up
joule: SI unit of energy
kinetic energy: energy a moving object has because of its
motion; depends on the mass and speed of the object
law of conservation of energy: states that energy can never
be created or destroyed
law of conservation of momentum: states that if a group of
objects exerts forces only on each other, then the total
momentum of the objects doesn't change
mechanical energy: sum of the potential energy and kinetic
energy in a system
momentum: property of a moving object that equals its mass
times its velocity
net force: sum of the forces that are acting on an object
potential energy: stored energy an object has due to its
position
second law of motion: states that the acceleration of an object
is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that
the acceleration equals the net force divided by the mass
vector: a physical quantity that is specified by both a size and a
direction