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Newton’s laws Ch. 12 Benchmark D: Explain the movement of objects by applying Newton’s three laws of motion. Grade Nine Forces and Motion 21. Demonstrate that motion is a measurable quantity that depends on the observer’s frame of reference and describe the object’s motion in terms of position, velocity, acceleration and time. 22. Demonstrate that any object does not accelerate (remains at rest or maintains a constant speed and direction of motion) unless an unbalanced (net) force acts on it. MOTION & FORCES A Force is a PUSH or PULL “science never ‘sucks’!” Balanced forces acting on a body do not change the direction of the object. Inertia (1st law of motion) … is the resistance of an object to a change in motion. Newton’s 1st law: an object in motion will stay in motion or an object at rest will stay at rest UNLESS a force acts upon it! 23. Explain the change in motion (acceleration) of an object. Demonstrate that the acceleration is proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. (Fnet=ma. Note that weight is the gravitational force on a mass.) So, what does it all mean? Newton’s second law states that the net force causes an object to accelerate in the direction of the net force, with an acceleration equal to the net force divided by the mass. a = net Force/mass or F = ma GRAVITY Gravity is the force of attraction that exists between 2 objects having mass. The size of the gravitational force is determined by the mass of the objects AND their distance apart. Weight is… The measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object by Earth. Weight is expressed in “Newtons” W = m X 9.8 m/s2 (where m is the mass of the object) 3rd Law of Motion Standard 24. Demonstrate that whenever one object exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is exerted back on the first object. (for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction) Third Law of motion… For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/phy0 3_vid_asrnt/ AKA...momentum! Momentum Calculate momentum… p = mv Where p is momentum, m is mass and v is velocity When 2 objects collide, momentum can be conserved. Some momentum from one object is transferred to the other.