
Lecture Notes 11: Potentials and Fields, Potential Formulation, Gauge Transformations, Jefimenko's Equations, Feynman-Heaviside Eqns for Moving Point Charge
... (Most useful in electrodynamics) t Ludwig Valentin Lorenz, Danish physicist – a contemporary of J.C. Maxwell, ca. 1867 – not to be confused with Hendrick A. Lorentz, Dutch physicist & contemporary of Albert Einstein… {See/read J.D. Jackson & L.B. Okun’s “Historical Roots of Gauge Invariance” Rev. M ...
... (Most useful in electrodynamics) t Ludwig Valentin Lorenz, Danish physicist – a contemporary of J.C. Maxwell, ca. 1867 – not to be confused with Hendrick A. Lorentz, Dutch physicist & contemporary of Albert Einstein… {See/read J.D. Jackson & L.B. Okun’s “Historical Roots of Gauge Invariance” Rev. M ...
I 2
... c.) Magnitude of the gravitational force acting on the oil drop: Fg = mg = 1,2 x 10-14 kg x 10 m.s-2 = 1,2 x 10-13 N ______________________________________________________ d.) Magnitude of the Coulomb force acting on the oil drop: FE = QE = 8 X 10-19 C x 200 000 V.m-1 = 1,6 x 10-13 N _______________ ...
... c.) Magnitude of the gravitational force acting on the oil drop: Fg = mg = 1,2 x 10-14 kg x 10 m.s-2 = 1,2 x 10-13 N ______________________________________________________ d.) Magnitude of the Coulomb force acting on the oil drop: FE = QE = 8 X 10-19 C x 200 000 V.m-1 = 1,6 x 10-13 N _______________ ...
Lecture Notes 14.5: Classical Non-Relativistic Theory of Scattering of EM Radiation, Thomson and Rayleigh Scattering
... At the microscopic level, real photons of {angular} frequency associated with the incident EM wave (e.g. real photons in a laser beam that comprise the macroscopic EM wave output from the laser) are {temporarily} absorbed by the electric point charge q, and then re-emitted {a short time later} as ...
... At the microscopic level, real photons of {angular} frequency associated with the incident EM wave (e.g. real photons in a laser beam that comprise the macroscopic EM wave output from the laser) are {temporarily} absorbed by the electric point charge q, and then re-emitted {a short time later} as ...
Engineering Design B Sample Title [ftp_tt]
... fact that forces will act on thus will have different points of application. Although it embodies the effect of the earth’s pull on each of the particles forming the truck, the weight can be represented by the single force W. The point of application of this force, that is, the point at which the fo ...
... fact that forces will act on thus will have different points of application. Although it embodies the effect of the earth’s pull on each of the particles forming the truck, the weight can be represented by the single force W. The point of application of this force, that is, the point at which the fo ...
Free fall

In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it. In the context of general relativity, where gravitation is reduced to a space-time curvature, a body in free fall has no force acting on it and it moves along a geodesic. The present article only concerns itself with free fall in the Newtonian domain.An object in the technical sense of free fall may not necessarily be falling down in the usual sense of the term. An object moving upwards would not normally be considered to be falling, but if it is subject to the force of gravity only, it is said to be in free fall. The moon is thus in free fall.In a uniform gravitational field, in the absence of any other forces, gravitation acts on each part of the body equally and this is weightlessness, a condition that also occurs when the gravitational field is zero (such as when far away from any gravitating body). A body in free fall experiences ""0 g"".The term ""free fall"" is often used more loosely than in the strict sense defined above. Thus, falling through an atmosphere without a deployed parachute, or lifting device, is also often referred to as free fall. The aerodynamic drag forces in such situations prevent them from producing full weightlessness, and thus a skydiver's ""free fall"" after reaching terminal velocity produces the sensation of the body's weight being supported on a cushion of air.