Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Introduction to general relativity wikipedia , lookup
Electromagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Coriolis force wikipedia , lookup
Lorentz force wikipedia , lookup
Fictitious force wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gravity wikipedia , lookup
Newton's law of universal gravitation wikipedia , lookup
Centrifugal force wikipedia , lookup
Weightlessness wikipedia , lookup
Forces and Motion Notes Chapter 1 – Motion Position – the location of an object Reference point – a location to which you compare other locations Motion – the change of position over time Speed – a measure of how fast something moves or the distance something moves in a given amount of time Calculating speed speed = distance / time s=d/t Velocity – speed in a specific direction Vector – a quantity that has both size and direction Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes with time Calculating acceleration - acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity / time a = vf – vi / t Chapter 2 – Forces Force – a push or pull on an object 3 Types of Forces: 1. Contact Force – when one object pushes or pulls another object by touching it 2. Gravity – the force of attraction between two objects 3. Friction – a force that resists motion between two surfaces that are pressed together Net Force – the overall force acting on an object when all forces are combined NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION – “The Law of Inertia” - objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force Inertia – the resistance of an object to a change in the speed or the direction of its motion. When you measure the mass of an object you measure its inertia. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION – the acceleration of an object increases with increased force and decreases with increased mass. Also, the direction in which an object accelerates is the same as the direction of the force. Calculating Force Force = mass * acceleration F = ma a = F/m m = F/a Newton (N) – the standard unit of force. Defined at the amount of force that it takes to accelerate one kilogram (1 kg) of mass one meter per second per second (1 m/s2) 1N = 1 kg * m/s2 Centripetal Force - any force that keeps an object moving in a circle NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION – states that every time one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force that is equal in size and opposite in direction back on the first object. Balanced Forces – Action and Reaction – Momentum – a measure of mass in motion. The product of an object’s mass and velocity Calculating Momentum momentum = mass * velocity p = mv Collision – a situation in which two objects in close contact exchange energy and momentum Conservation of Momentum – the total momentum of a system of objects does not change, as long as no outside forces are acting on that system Chapter 3 – Gravity, Friction and Pressure Gravity – the force that objects exert on each other because of their masses. The force of gravity: The mass of the objects – the greater the mass of the objects the greater the force of gravity the masses exert on each other. If one of the masses is doubled, the force of gravity between the objects is doubled The distance between the objects – as the distance between the objects increases, the force of gravity decreases. If the distance is doubled, the force of gravity is one-forth as strong as before