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NEWTON’S LAWS
By: Stacey Newville
An Object In Motion Changes Position
Position is measured from a reference point.
Motion is measured relative to an observer.
starting
position
ending
position
Position
An object’s location.
Reference Point
A location to which another location is compared.
Motion
A change of position over time.
Speed
A measure of how fast positions change over time; how fast something
moves.
Speed = distance
time
65 MPH (Miles Per Hour)
Velocity
Speed in a specific direction.
Velocity
Vector
A quantity that has both size and direction.
Acceleration
Measures how fast velocity changes; The rate at which velocity
changes over time
Acceleration in the Same Direction as Motion
Acceleration in the Opposite Direction of Motion
Acceleration at a Right Angle to Motion
Newton's First Law
Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion remain in
motion with the same velocity, unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
Force
A push or a pull that changes the motion of an object.
Net Force
The overall force acting on an object when all of the forces acting on it
are combined.
Inertia
The resistance of an object to a change in the speed or the direction of
its motion.
Newton's Second Law
The acceleration of an object increases with increased force
and decreases with increased mass, and is in the same
direction as the force.
small force
larger force
same mass, larger force = increased acceleration
larger mass, same force = decreased acceleration
Centripetal Force
Any force that keeps an object moving in a circle.
The centripetal force of a hula-hoop allows it to stay on my hips.
Newton's Third Law
When one object exerts a force on another object, the second
object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.
Momentum
A property of a moving object. It is the measure of mass in motion.
The momentum of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
momentum
Forces in collisions are equal and opposite.
Momentum is conserved in collisions.
total momentum
momentum 1 momentum 2
forces in collision
Collision
A situation in which two objects in close contact exchange energy and
momentum.
Conservation of Momentum
A law stating that the amount of momentum a system of objects has
does not change as long as there are no outside forces acting on that
system.
Gravity
A force of attraction between two masses.
Greater mass results in greater force.
Greater distance results in smaller force.
Weight – The force of gravity on an object
Friction
A force that resists motion between two surfaces that are pressed
together.
Frictional force depends on:
-Types of surfaces
- Motion of surfaces
- Force pressing surfaces together
friction
Air resistance is a type of friction
air resistance
gravity