Download Magnetism K-3 Teacher Guide

Recovery Story
Magnetic Magic
BY TERRY CATASÚS JENNINGS
Discussion and Teacher Guide
ABOUT THE BOOK
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Dena loves using magnets to perform magic tricks for the kids at the pool. When
Enrique arrives in town, he doesn’t like that Dena is fooling the others. He gives her a
century-old treasure map and Dena uses her compass and tools to plot the location of
the treasure. To her surprise, the treasure is not where it should be! What could cause
her compass to lead her off course? When she discovers the answer, will Dena keep
fooling the other kids with magic tricks or will she help them learn about magnetism
and Earth’s shifting magnetic poles?
For core standards to which Magnetic Magic is aligned, please visit:
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/Standards.php
For publisher’s teacher guides and activities on magnetism, please visit:
by Terry Catasús Jennings
illustrated by Andrea Gabriel
http://arbordalepublishing.com/bookpage.php?id=MagneticMagic
PRE-READING DISCUSSION
Perform the tricks in Magnetic Magic as a preamble to your discussion. What better way to introduce magnetism than to see
it in action? Ask students to share what they know about magnetism—how magnets work, for what do we use magnets.
What kinds of materials are magnetic?
DISCUSSION
WHAT IS MAGNETISM?
Magnetism is a force. The
ancient people in the town of
Magnesia in Asia Minor—
now Turkey—found that
some rocks attracted and
repelled each other,
depending on how they faced.
The stones also attracted
things made of iron. They
called these rocks magnets.
We now call these rocks
lodestones. They are likely
formed when a piece of
magnetite (a mineral made mostly of iron) is struck by
lightning and aligns all the iron particles inside it in the
same direction, creating poles. The force these rocks
cause, which attracts and repels, is what we call
magnetism.
WHAT MATERIALS ARE MAGNETIC? Some
metals are magnetic: iron, nickel and cobalt are magnetic.
Things that are made with iron, nickel and cobalt will be
attracted to a magnet. Most other metals are not
magnetic. Aluminum, copper, and magnesium are not
magnetic. Precious metals like gold and silver are not
magnetic.
The atoms that make up iron, nickel and cobalt, can all
be aligned in the same direction creating poles. That’s
what makes them magnetic—what allows them to be
magnetized. Sometimes, if metals are placed in a
magnetic field, even if they are not magnetic, they
become magnetized just a little bit.
Materials like glass, plastic, cloth, and wood are not
magnetic.
ces.
A compass is a tool that uses a magnet to determine direction. Directions on a
compass are measured in degrees (°), with 360° in a circle. North is 0°, or 360°.
you face north, east (90°) is the direction to your right, south (180°) is behind
and west (270°) is to your left.
Magnetic Magic - Discussion and Activity Guide
Page 2
45
E—
W—270°
N
°
W
N
—
31
5
°
The needle of a compass always points to magnetic north. When you use a
in Asia WHAT
Minor—now
IS A MAGNET? A magnet is a piece
of iron or
bodies.
MRI’s
which
doctors use
seethe
whether
we’ve
compass,
hold it
flat and
rotate
the compass
so to
that
number
0° lines up u
r. They also
thepoint
needle.
Then hurt
you acan
walk in
direction
you need
to go,Spinning
keeping 0° lined
otherattracted
magnetic metal in which all the atoms
in the
muscle,
arethe
Magnetic
Resonance
Images.
call them
“lodestones.”
needle
time. inside wire coils generates electricity—to light N—0°
same
direction. All north seekingunder
atomsthe
point
one the
waywhole
magnets
ing. The lightning aligns
(North seeking
and all rosehomes,
to roll
up direction
the windows
in the
Mapspole
haveora N)
compass
to show
which
on the
mapcar
is or operate the
ocks attract and repel, a
used
theincompass
themotors
map to
find the direction
the southnorth.
seekingDena
atoms
point
radio. rose
They on
make
run.
from the
school (South
to the treasure. Once she knew the direction, she
the opposite
direction
toms
used or
herS).
compass
to make
was going
the right to
way.
seeking pole
A magnet
Wesure
use she
magnetism
in compasses
find our way. Imagine
y
attracts anything
iron,whatthe
Age of to
Exploration
when
But evenmade
if youof
know
direction
go, you can
still travel too
n the
or not
miss your set
destination
completely.
When
nickel or far
cobalt.
Andfar
if aenough
piece ofand Columbus
out across
an
ing,
you travel
one place
to another,
you need
to know
iron is attached
to afrom
magnet,
it
unknown
ocean
without
a both the
ron
S—180°
direction and
the distance.
also
becomes
magnetic—it
compass. They could use the
s in
attracts other
iron. that
The show
sunhowand
the stars
formap relates to distance in real life.
Mapspieces
have of
scales
the distance
on the
—the S
Formagnets
a map of
a town,
inch on the map
one mile. For a map of the
N poles of
pull
towardone navigation,
that’smight
true, represent
but
—the
whole Sworld,
inch on what
the map
100for
or 1000 miles. Dena had to measure
—attract—the
pole one
of other
if could
it wasequal
cloudy
poles
distance
the map
the school
the treasure.
magnets. the The
N on
poles
of between
days? They
wouldandwaste
oles
Then
she
used
the
scale
to
know
how
far
she
should
magnets push away—repel—the
precious time and withwalk.
22
—
5°
magnets will seem to float down the tube. Even though
copper is not magnetic, the magnets create an electric
current which slows their fall. Magic!
USES OF MAGNETS We use magnets to lift weights,
keep cabinet doors closed, find sunken ships, find treasure
with metal detectors, find deadly mines left over from war
time. We can even use magnetism to look inside our
SE
—
13
5
SW
Magnetic
north shifts
time. The
treasuretime
mapwas
N poles of
other magnets.
The Soverlimited
provisions,
Dena used
when magnetic
poles of magnets
alsowas
repelfrom
the S1905,
something
that could not be
north
was inofathis
different
When she
poles of other magnets. An easy way
to think
is to place.
wasted.
plotted
the
treasure’s
location
on the
say that like poles repel and unlike or opposite poles
modern map of her town, And
her direction
we’re not the only ones who use magnetism to
attract.
merica
was a few degrees off. Even though she
navigate. Birds and whales may use magnetism to orient
Make Magnetic Magic
walked the right distance, she couldn’t
themselves during migration.
Asia
find the treasure because she had gone
Move
Paperclips
Make a Magnet Hover
MAGNETIC HISTORY
In the 1100s, The Chinese
the wrong direction.
2016
For this trick you will need:
For this trick you will need:
discovered
that when lodestones or magnets were allowed
EARTH
IS A MAGNET The earth itself is a magnet,
•
paperclips
•
twoormorecircularmagnetswithholesinthemiddle.
•
magnets
penciloradowel
to float
in a bowl of water, the lodestone or magnet would
geographic
with •a north
magnetic pole and a south magnetic pole. It
•
stiffcardboard,likeagameboard
Put the magnets on the pencil or dowel so that they repel
north
align
itself along the earth’s north-south axis.
•
clothcovering(optional)
has aeach
magnetic
it.other
This
pole is what
other. If the field
magnetsaround
attract each
and magnetic
snap
Hold the board with one hand or put it on a stand. Place the paper
together, take one off and flip it around. Hold the pencil
pulls
the
needle
in
a
compass
and
allows
us
to use it for
clips
on
top
of
the
cardboard.
Make
the
paper
clips
move
by
pointing
up,
with
your
fingers
at
its
base.
Watch
the
top
The Chinese began using these needles as compasses in
moving the magnet underneath. Be careful you only move
magnet hover.
Magic!
finding
our
thehand,
11th
Compasses
provided a way to navigate
your
not century.
your arm; bend
at the wrist.
way. But, as
You
can
make
this trick
more like a magicwhen
show
out
of
sight
of
landmarks
there were no stars or sun
Europe
by covering your cardboard with a piece of cloth.
Dena found
Remember,
part
of
the
show
is
talking
to
your
or moon to use for navigation. Eventually the compass
audience so they forget about the hand under the
out
in
was perfected
and it became a very critical part of
cardboard.
Magic!
M
a
g
n
e
t
ic
navigation.
Magic, the
In the early 1820s, scientists found that currents of
n o r t h
electricity also create magnetic
fields.
An
electric
current,
magnetic
Float a Lodestone
Float a Magnet in a Pipe
poleForis
notyou’ll need:
like
can make magnets. Now we make magnets
For
thislightning,
trick you’ll need:
this trick
•
lodestone a piece of iron through an electric field. The
copperpipeorfitting.75inchesindiameter(fromyourlocalhardwarestore)
the •same
as
by passing
•
string
•
threeneodymiumdiskmagnets(.7inchesorlessindiameter)
t h e • n opebbleorotherheavy,nonmetallicobject.
rth
•
marker field aligns all the iron atoms in the same
electric
Float the loadstone on a piece of wood in a tub, or hang it from a string. Before you perform
g e o gTouch
r a ptheh magnets
i c to the outside of the pipe. Any
direction.
this
trick, use a compass to figure out which end of the stone points north. Mark that end
attraction? Hold the pipe in your hand and drop the
p o l heavy,
e. T
h e object through its center. What
with a marker. Predict which way the stone will point when it stops (that would be north on
non-metallic
the compass). Give the stone a twirl. Magic!
n o r happens?
tNow
h hold
a nthedpile of magnets above the pipe. Drop them
the pipe’spoles
center. What
happens
now?north
Turn themagnetic pole has
souththrough
magnetic
move.
The
magnets over. Is there a difference?
beenThe
in non-metallic
Antartica
before.
object will drop very quickly, but the
Magnetic Magic - Discussion and Activity Guide
QUESTIONS TO PONDER:
Page 3
WRITING ACTIVITY - SHORT PROMPT:
• What makes a successful magic show/magician?
• Describe a Magnetic Magic Show. Use great
descriptive words and strong verbs.
• Would you have gone like Columbus out into an
uncharted ocean when you didn’t know for sure
what was on the other side?
• Write a story about a person who finds a lodestone for
the first time. Write about the things that might stick
to it.
• Why do you think some animals use magnetism to
guide them on migrations?
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY:
• Can you think of a use for magnets that we haven’t
discussed?
• Demonstration of Magnetism
• “Magic” Show
MORE INFORMATION:
Resources - Demonstrations of quasi-magnetism:
From Arbordale Publishers:
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/chemistry/is-coppermagnetic.html
For Creative Minds:
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/ForCreativeMinds/
MagneticMagic_FCM.pdf
Teaching Activities Guide:
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/documents/
TeachingActivities/MagneticMagic_TA.pdf
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-leadmagnetic.html
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-nickelmagnetic.html
Quizzes:
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-silvermagnetic.html
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/quize.php?
title_id=243&q_type=1;
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/isstainlesssteel-magnetic.html
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/quize.php?
title_id=243&q_type=2
http://www.arbordalepublishing.com/quize.php?
title_id=243&q_type=3
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-titaniummagnetic.html
Author’s Website:
http://www.terrycjennings.com/Teacher-and-ParentResources.html
Magnetic Magic - Discussion and Activity Guide
Page 4
Bibliography for Magnet Magic:
Breslyn, Wayne. “Is Aluminum Magnetic?” http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-aluminium-magnetic.html
Accessed June 15, 2014.
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics, Principles with Applications, Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1998.
Ground Speak Help Center. “Using True North vs. Magnetic North.” https://support.groundspeak.com/index.php?
pg=kb.page&id=226 Accessed June 15, 2014.
http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/historical_declination/ NAOO National Geophysical Data Center, Historical Magnetic
Declination. Used this to determine change in declination from 1905 to 2015 using the map.
http://mta.maryland.gov/sites/default/files/DowntownBaltimoreVisitorsMap.pdf Visitors’ Map of Baltimore. Used to
determine that 10° on a map.
Simkin, Tom, Tilling, Robert I.,Vogt, Peter R., Kirby, Stephen H., Kimberly, Paul, and Stewart, David B. This Dynamic
Planet. Washington, D.C.: US Geologic Survey, 2006.
Stern, David P. E-mail Communication. August 23-24, 2014.
Stone, William. E-mail and telephone Communication. May 2014-Present. NOAA
[email protected]; [email protected]
Bibiliography - For Educational Material and Website:
Breslyn, Wayne. “Is Copper Magnetic?” and others. http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wbreslyn/magnets/is-titanium-magnetic.html
(similar URLs) Accessed June 15, 2014.
“Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics. Marshall University. www.science.marshall.edu/elshazly/Intro/tect.doc
“From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics.” Columbia University. http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/devel_pl_tect.htm
Government of Canada. Natural Resources. “Magnetic Declination.” http://www.geomag.nrcan.gc.ca/mag_fld/magdec-en.php.
Goulet, Chris. “Magnetic Declination FAQ.” http://www.rescuedynamics.ca/articles/MagDecFAQ.htm#DECLINATION Accessed
August 21, 2014
“Halley and the Paramour.” Royal Museum Greenwich. http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/
halley-and-the-paramour Accessed August 20, 2014.
Kelly, John. “Watching them poop, researchers discover that dogs can sense which way is north.” http://www.washingtonpost.com/
local/watching-them-poop-researchers-discover-that-dogs-can-sense-which-way-is-north/2014/01/26/26f7f85e-83ae-11e3bbe5-6a2a3141e3a9_story.html. Accessed October 25, 2014.
Kurtus, Ron. http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/magnets.htm#.U_dAJ-e0ZdI. Accessed June 15, 2014.
Kurtus, Ron. http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/magnetism.htm#.U_c_yee0ZdJ. Accessed June 15, 2014.
Magnetic Magic - Discussion and Activity Guide
Page 5
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Science on a Sphere. “Earth’s
Magnetic Declination.” http://sos.noaa.gov/Datasets/dataset.php?id=427.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Space Weather Prediction Center. “Aurora.” http://
www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/aurora.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information. “Frequently Asked
Questions.” http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/faqgeom.shtml.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Website. “Magnetism.” http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/
faqgeom.shtml Accessed May, 2014.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center. “Sunspots/Solar Cycle.” http://
www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/sunspotssolar-cycle.
Richardson, Eliza. “Paleomagnetism, Polar Wonder and Plate Tectonics.” https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/content/
l3_p5.html Penn State Department of Geosciences.
Stern, David P. “The Great Magnet, The Earth.” and others. http://www.phy6.org/earthmag/demagint.htm. Accessed June 15, 2014.
The Geological Society, “Plate Tectonics.” https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap3-Plate-Margins/Divergent/MidAtlantic-Ridge.
“The Magnetic Compass.” Royal Museum Greenwich Website. http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/ships-andseafarers/the-magnetic-compass
US Geologic Survey. This Dynamic Planet. “Developing the Theory.” http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/developing.html
Magnetic Magic - Discussion and Activity Guide
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