Download TAKS Success Camp: Objective 1

8th Grade American History
TAKS Success Camp
Objective 1:
Issues and Events
Coach Vega
DATE
EVENT
SIGNIFICANCE
1607
Jamestown,
Virginia
American
Revolution
Constitution
1st permanent English
settlement
1776
1787
1803
Louisiana
Purchase
1861-1865 Civil War
America rebelled against
British control
created a system of
republican government
Doubled the size of the
United States
Issue of slavery divided
the nation
Reasons for Colonization

Religious Freedom: God
Primarily New England Colonies
Puritans of Massachusetts, Quakers of Pennsylvania

Economic Gain: Gold
Primarily Middle and Southern Colonies
Tobacco in Virginia, Rice in South Carolina

European Rivalries: Glory
Extend Power
England captured Dutch Colony; Renamed New York
Reasons for Declaring
Independence in 1776


Economic Restrictions
Mercantilism policies only allowed colonies to
trade with Great Britain
This angered the colonists
No Political Representation
Colonies could not elect members to Parliament
The colonists viewed this as unfair
“no taxation without representation”
British Policies
Colonial Reaction
Quartering Act
Colonial resentment
Sugar Act
Protests, “No Taxation
Without Representation”
Stamp Act
Protests, Formation of
Sons of Liberty
Tea Act
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts
First Continental Congress
Important Events of the
Revolutionary War




Lexington and Concord:
War begins
Saratoga: Major American victory; turning
point: French send aid to Americans
Yorktown: Last battle, British surrendered
Treaty of Paris of 1783: Ended the war
Reasons for American Victory
in the Revolutionary War



Distance from Great Britain
Took the British a long time to
transport troops and supplies
The Continental Army
George Washington only fought when
Americans had a clear advantage
The Battle of Saratoga
Convinced the French to help
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
 Established
rules that a
territory would
follow in order
to become a
state
Articles of Confederation






No Chief Executive
One house Congress,
each state had one vote
No court system
No power to tax or raise an army
Weak national government
In 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
They replaced it with the U.S. Constitution.
Creation of the U.S. Constitution:
Organization and Power of the
National Government


Created a strong national government
Divided into three branches with some
powers left to the states
U.S Government
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Creation of the U.S. Constitution:
Representation in Congress



States with small populations wanted each
state to have the same number of legislators:
The New Jersey Plan
States with large populations wanted
representation to be based on population:
The Virginia Plan
The GREAT COMPROMISE - Set up a two
house congress: one with representation by
population and the other with equal
representation from each state
Creation of the U.S. Constitution:
Slavery



When determining the population of a state
for purposes of representation in the House
of Representatives….
Northern states did NOT want slaves counted
Southern states DID want slaves counted
THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE – stated that
3/5ths of a state’s slave population would
count for the purposes of representation
Ratification of Constitution





The Constitution was sent to the states to be
ratified (approved)
Federalists: Supporters of the Constitution
They believed that a strong national
government was necessary
Anti-Federalists: Opponents of the
Constitution
They feared that the national government
had too much power
Ratification in 1788
 The
Constitution was
ratified in 1788 after an
agreement was made to
add a Bill of Rights
Formation of Political Parties
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
 Alexander Hamilton  Thomas Jefferson
 Strong National
 Strong State
Government
Governments
 Trade and industry  Farming
 Wanted a national
 Opposed a national bank
bank
War of 1812
Causes
Effects
 British pirating of
 America proved it
American ships
could defend itself
 Impressments of
 manufacturing
American sailors into
increased
the British Navy
 Frontier was open to
 The British support of
settlement
Native Americans
 Increased patriotism
Causes of
Westward Expansion
 Economic
Growth
 Territorial Expansion
 Manifest Destiny
Economic Growth
New England textile factories increased
the demand for cotton
 This made cotton more profitable
 More farmers moved west to grow
cotton
 Roads, canals, and railroads made travel
and trade cheaper and faster

Territorial Expansion




Americans moved westward as the U.S.
expanded
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size
of the U.S.
Expeditions (Lewis and Clark) brought
back reports of lands full of resources
This encouraged westward expansion
Manifest Destiny
 Manifest
Destiny was the belief
that is was the mission of the
United States to expand across the
entire North American continent
Effects of
Westward Expansion
 Indian
Removal
 The Mexican War
Indian Removal


In 1830 the U.S. passed the Indian
Removal Act which required Native
Americans to move west of the
Mississippi River
The Cherokee were forced to relocate:
known as the Trail of Tears because of
the large number of deaths that
occurred
The Mexican War
Mexico was angered when the U.S.
annexed Texas in 1845
 The Mexican War: 1846-1848
 Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
 U.S. acquired territory in the southwest
known as the Mexican Cession

Jacksonian Democracy


Idea that more people should have
the right to vote and have a say in
government, not just rich people
More Americans were able to vote
in the 1828 election because of
removing the requirement of
owning property in order to vote.
Sectionalism
 Sectionalism
is regional conflict
between the North and South.
 Two main causes of sectionalism
1. Disagreements over State’s Rights
2. Expansion of Slavery in Western
Territories
State’s Rights and Federalism
State’s Rights: idea that the power of
the states should not be trampled on
by the national government
 Federalism: a system of sharing
power between the states and the
national government

Nullification Crisis




Congress passed a tariff on imported
goods
John C. Calhoun and other Southerners
felt the tariff was unfair
South Carolina declared the tariff null
and void and threatened to secede from
the Union
A compromise was reached: Congress
lowered the tariff
The Missouri Compromise



Purpose: to maintain a balance
between the number of slave
states and free states
Missouri - admitted as a slave state
Maine – admitted as a free state
The Compromise of 1850
Purpose: resolve dispute over slave
issue in the southwest
 Proposed by Henry Clay
 California – admitted as free state
 Fugitive Slave Law - required capture
and return of runaway slaves

Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854, Congress allowed Kansas and
Nebraska to vote on whether they
would allow slavery
 Angered Northerners because they
would have been free states according
to Missouri Compromise

Dred Scott Case
 Supreme
Court said that slaves
were property and could not
become free by moving to a free
state or territory
Election of Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was a Republican
 He did not support the spread of
slavery into western lands
 Southerners feared that Lincoln
planned to abolish slavery
 Southern states reacted by seceding
from the Union and creating the
Confederate States of America

The Civil War Begins
 In
1861, Confederate forces
bombarded Fort Sumter in South
Carolina
 Both the North and
South had skilled
political and military
leaders
Civil War Dates and Events
1861: Southern States secede and
Civil War begins
 1863: Lincoln issues Emancipation
Proclamation, Union victory at
Gettysburg
 1865: General Lee surrenders at
Appomattox Courthouse, Civil War
Ends, Lincoln is assassinated

Civil War Leaders
UNION (The North)


Abraham Lincoln –
President of the
United States
Ulysses S. Grant –
Commander of the
Union Army
CONFEDERACY (The South)


Jefferson Davis –
President of the
Confederacy
Robert E. Lee –
Commander of the
Confederate Army
Major Civil War Battles
 Ft.
Sumter: Civil War beings
 Gettysburg: Union forces defeat
Confederate forces
 Vicksburg: Union forces secure
control of Mississippi River
Reasons for Northern Advantage
Larger population: more factory
workers and troops
 More economic resources: factories,
supplies, railroad lines
 Superior Leadership of Abraham
Lincoln: great public speaker, ultimate
goal was to preserve the Union

Reconstruction
 Process
of re-admitting
the southern states into
the union