Download Changing Earth`s Surface

UNIT 7 Key Terms
Earth’s Interior
_________________: A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner
core of Earth.
_________________: The material that forms Earth’s hard surface.
_________________: The study of the solid Earth
_________________: A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle
and the crust.
_________________: The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.
_________________: A dark, dense igneous rock with a fine texture, found in
oceanic crust.
_________________: The layer of hot, solid materials between Earth’s crust and
core.
_________________: A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental
crust.
_________________: A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape
Earth.
_________________: The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
_________________: The force pushing on a surface or area.
_________________: A dense ball of solid metal at the center of Earth.
WORD BANK: geologist rock geology pressure crust basalt granite
mantle lithosphere outer core inner core asthenosphere
Convection Currents and the Mantle
Density: ______________________________________________________
Drifting Continents
_________________: The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across
earth’s surface.
_________________: The preserved remains or traces of living things that lived in
the past.
_________________: The name of the single landmass that broke apart 225
million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents.
WORD BANK: Pangaea
continental drift
fossil
Sea-Floor Spreading
_________________: A deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic
crust slowly sinks towards the mantle.
_________________: The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is
produced; a divergent plate boundary.
_________________: The process which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean
trench and back into the mantel at a convergent plate boundary.
_________________: The process by which molten material adds new oceanic
crust to the ocean floor.
WORD BANK: mid-ocean ridge sea-floor spreading deep-ocean trench
subduction
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
_________________: A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in
opposite directions.
_________________: The theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant
motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
_________________: A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the
asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust.
_________________: A break or crack in the Earth’s lithosphere along which
rocks move.
_________________: A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart.
_________________: A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
_________________: A plate boundary where two plates move away from each
other.
WORD BANK: plate plate tectonics fault transform boundary
divergent boundary rift valley convergent boundary
Changing Earth’s Surface
_________________: The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
_________________: A change in the volume or shape of the Earth’s crust.
_________________: A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
_________________: An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts
through the crust above it.
_________________: A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward;
caused by tension in the crust.
_________________: The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath
Earth’s surface.
_________________: A break or crack in the Earth’s lithosphere along which
rocks move.
_________________: A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block
of rock.
_________________: A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each
other sideways with little up- and-down motion.
_________________: A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward;
caused by compression in the crust.
_________________: The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
_________________: A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the
surface.
_________________: A sinking or subsiding of a land surface as a result of
geologic processes or of human activities.
WORD BANK: stress deformation earthquakes fault strike-slip fault
normal fault hanging wall footwall
reverse fault fault-block mountain
land subsidence
volcano
hot spot