Download Chapter 3 review

Chapter 3 review
Date:_____________________Period:_______
Names of you and your partners (Circle your name) :__________________________________________
1. What cellular process occurs in the mitochondria?
2. Explain why humans are made up of trillions of small cells instead of less large ones?
Having many cells allows the surface area-to-volume ratio to be quite large and allows
materials to be exchanged more easily. Smaller cells have a higher metabolic rate. Also,
having many different cells allows an organism to have areas of specialization for different
functions.
3. What is the function of the mitochondria? To produce ATP (energy) for cell
processes
4. What is the function of channel proteins? Allow substances to pass through the
plasma membrane; like H ions for ATP formation
5. What is the function of a carrier protein? To selectively with a specific molecule or
ion so that it can cross the plasma membrane
6. A cell that has a large number of mitochondria is involved in what form of
transport? Active tranport
7. What molecule is the product of a chloroplast; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide or
carbon monoxide? Oxygen
8. What type of organelle is found in large amounts in metabolically active cells like
heart muscle cells? Mitochondria
9. What is phagocytosis? A form of endocytosis that involves taking in larger molecules
and organisms. The plasma membrane envelops the macromolecule, the plasma
membrane touches, reforms and pinches off a vesicle, which can then flow into the
cell.
10.
What is the difference between pinocytosis and exocytosis? Pinocytosis is a
form of endocytosis where the cell takes in small substances and water and
exocytosis is a process where molecules are expelled from the cell. It is the opposite
function.
11.Where do vesicles produced at the endoplasmic reticulum move to next? Golgi apparatus
12.
What is the function of the golgi body? To make lysosomes, to package and
process proteins
13.
What are cell recognition proteins? glycoproteins that help the body recognize
self vs others and can help recognize invaders like bacteria
14.
What cellular process occurs in the nucleus? DNA replication
15.
What are receptor proteins? In the plasma membrane. They have a shape that
allows a specific molecule to bind to it. The binding causes the shape of the protein
to change and to have a cellular response (eg. Liver stores glucose after insulin from
pancreas tells it to do so)
16.The biological molecule that is stored in the nucleus is a polymer of what kind of
molecule? Nucleotides
17.What is the function of the nucleus? To regulate most cell processes
18.Where is the genetic material of an organism stored? Nucleus
19.What is an enzymatic protein? In the plasma membrane, it can carry out metabolic
reactions directly; some reactions occur as a result of them (like final steps in the electron
transport chain)
20.What cellular process is associated with ribosomes? Protein synthesis
21.What is the function of the cell wall? To provide structural support
22.What substances are found in lysosomes? Hydrolytic enzymes
23.Which organelle store water, sugars, and salts? Vacuoles
24.What is the semi-fluid medium that organelles float in called? Cytoplasm
25.Which molecule allows hydrogen ions to move across the inner mitochondrial
membrane? A channel protein
26.What types of atoms/molecules are transported across the cell membrane by carrier
proteins? Potassium ions, GLUT carries glucose
27.What is the pattern of microtubules in cilia? 9+2 pattern of microtubule doublets
28.What is the pattern of microtubules in Centrioles? 9+0 pattern of microtubules
29.Explain what it means when we say that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
It only allows certain molecules to pass through it.
30.What kind of solution might a leaf cell be placed in if it wilted, hypertonic or
hypotonic? Hypertonic
31.What is the difference between active transport and facilitated transport?
Facilitated transport requires a carrier but no energy since it goes with the
concentration gradient but Active transport requires a carrier plus energy to take it
against the concentration gradient
32.What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? Osmosis is the diffusion of
water across a semi-permeable membrane. They both involve movement from an
area of high concentration to low concentration
33.If a red blood cell is placed in an IV solution that has a 1.2 % concentration of salt,
what will happen to the cell? Crenation.-It will lose water since it is in a hypertonic
solution
34.What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? This is a form of pinocytosis that is
selective and efficient. It has a specific protein receptor shape so that the specific
molecule can bind to it and no other.
35.What is the role of peripheral proteins? They provide a structural role in that they help
shape and stabilize the plasma membrane. They may also function in signaling pathways.
36.What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated transport through the
plasma membrane? Facilitated diffusion required a protein to carry a molecule from
high to low concentration (due to polarity of the molecule transported , for
example) whereas diffusion occurs without the help of a protein from low to high
concentration
37.What molecules can diffuse across the plasma membrane? Non-charged molecules
like oxygen
38.What is the surface area to volume ratio of a rectangular cell that is 3mm by 4 mm
by 2 mm? Is it more efficient at removing wastes than a cell with a surface area to
volume ratio of (3:2) 1.5?
SA=2(3x4)+2(4x2)+2(3x2)= 52 mm2 Volume=3x4x2=24mm3
SA:V=52:24=2.34, Yes!!
Can you identify and state the function of the following organelles?
39. Plasma Membrane-cell boundary that controls molecule passages entering and exiting
cells
40. Cell Wall provides structure, support, and protection
41. Cytoskeleton maintains shape of cell ­movement of the cell’s organelles
Reinforce the
cell
42. Cilia (rare in plant cells) and Flagella movement of cell -assist in transporting
external substances
43. Centriole-assembles and disassemble spindle fibers
; assist in mitosis (cell division)
44. Nucleus stores genetic info, DNA; controls characteristics and metabolic functions of cell
45.Nuclear Envelope separates nucleus from cytoplasm, controls entry and exit into nucleus
46. Nucleoli- forms the subunits of ribosomes
47. Peroxisomes enclose enzymes and have various metabolic tasks including breaking
down molecules into hydrogen peroxide and eventually turn it into water and oxygen. Some
break down lipids and bile.
48. Ribosomes protein synthesis
49. Rough ER folds, transports, modifies proteins
50. Smooth ER lipid synthesis as well as phospholipid and steroid synthesis
51. Mitochondria cellular respiration; produce ATP molecules and CO2
52. Chloroplasts photosynthesis; synthesis of carbohydrates and oxygen
53. Golgi Apparatus (golgi body) process, package, distribute proteins and lipids
54. Lysosomes -digestion of all sorts of molecules, organisms
55. Vacuoles (and smaller Vesicles) regulate pressure and water levels of cell
, storage
and transport of substances and waste