Download Name Due date ______ Strive for a 5 – AP Biology Review Unit 1

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Strive for a 5 – AP Biology Review Unit 1: Chapter 1-3
1. Organisms share many conserved processes that are widely distributed among organisms
today. Briefly summarize the characteristics of life shared by all living organisms.
a. _______________________ e. ______________________
b. _______________________ f. ______________________
c. _______________________ g. ______________________
d. _______________________ h. ______________________
2. The term “theory” is an important vocabulary word in science and is often used
differently in common usage and in the scientific community. How do scientists define a
theory?
3. After looking at the many types of fish food available at a local store, a friend asked you
if flake food or shrimp pellets would make his goldfish grow faster. Design a controlled
experiment to test this question. Be sure to identify all variables and state a hypothesis.
4. For each of the following, provide the number of electrons, protons, neutrons and atomic
number in its elemental form.
a. Hydrogen
b. Carbon
c. Oxygen
d. Phosphorus
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Electrons
_______
_______
_______
_______
Protons
_______
_______
_______
_______
Neutrons
________
________
________
________
Atomic #
_______
_______
_______
_______
Name ________________________________ Due date ___________
5. Place each of these types of atomic interactions on the list below, based on strength of
the atomic interaction: van der Waals forces, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic
bonds.
Strongest  weakest
______________ > _____________ > ______________ > _______________
6. Define Cation: __________________________________________________
Define Anion: ___________________________________________________
7. Use the example of sodium chloride to explain how the electrons of these two atoms are
redistributed when these two atoms interact with each other.
8. Name the molecule shown by the two models:
____________________________________
Explain how the electrons of these atoms are affected by their atomic interaction, and
describe what this does to the distribution of charge around the molecule.
9. Drawings A and B are shown at different magnifications, and represent three molecules,
two of which are interacting with each other, and the other which is interacting with
itself. Explain the interactions in A and then in B and then explain why you think A and
B represent the same or different number of atoms.
A.
B.
More atoms are represented in drawing _____ because __________________________.
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Name ________________________________ Due date ___________
10. These two chemicals found in the body differ
in their solubility in water: one is quite soluble
in water, and the other is much less soluble.
Explain using the prompts below.
Choice ____ is more water soluble because _________________________________.
Choice ____ is less water soluble because __________________________________.
11. Number the un-numbered carbons and
provide the names of each of these two
monosaccharides.
12. Provide labels for the 4 different areas of the
molecule, indicated by the 4 different shades
on both representations.
The hydrophobic tail includes
___________________________________.
The hydrophilic head includes
___________________________________.
13. Steroids and other fatty substances pass readily through most cell membranes because:
14. There are 20 different amino acids in humans. You do not need to memorize all 20 but
you should know the structure of a generalized amino acid. Draw a generic amino acid,
using the letter “R” to designate a generic side chain, and be sure to include and label the
carboxyl group and amino group.
15. Explain how the diversity of different proteins is created.
16. Most proteins have at least 4 levels of structure. For each level, explain it.
Primary ______________________________________________________________
Secondary ____________________________________________________________
Tertiary ______________________________________________________________
Quaternary ___________________________________________________________
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Name ________________________________ Due date ___________
17. Draw the two amino acids, glutamic acid and lysine.
a. Which has two carboxyl groups? _______ Circle and label it.
b. Which has two amino groups? __________ Circle and label it.
c. In the space below, draw a dipeptide made up of lysine and glutamic acid bound
together by a peptide bond. Identify the peptide bond with an arrow.
18. Different sequences of amino acids result in different structures of proteins. A change in
the amino acid sequence of a protein is called a mutation. Explain what might happen to
the structure of a protein if the mutations below happened. See structures below!
Leucine substituted for Cysteine.
Arginine substituted for Phenylalanine
Alanine substituted for Aspartic Acid
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Name ________________________________ Due date ___________
19. Which protein below shows a protein with quaternary structure? Explain why.
20. A student added a strong acid to a beaker containing a solution with a functional protein.
After adding the acid, the protein no longer functioned. Explain how adding the acid altered the
protein’s structure and function. Be sure to include the following terms in your answer: protons,
3D structure, carboxyl groups, polarity, tertiary structure, and denaturation.
21. Enzymes can speed up synthetic reactions in living organisms. How does an enzyme speed
up a reaction between two substrate molecules?
22. In the diagram below, label: the energy state of the products, the energy state of the
reactants, the amount of energy of activation for the catalyzed reaction, and the amount of energy
of activation for the uncatalyzed reaction.
AP Biology 2013 Radjewski
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23. Explain the difference between cofactors and coenzymes.
24. Which picture in the diagram is an example of allosteric regulation? Explain why.
AP Biology 2013 Radjewski