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Gastrointestinal System Terminology - Key labialabiogingival labiodental labiotenaculum labiochorea labioglossopharyngeal labiomycosis lip concerning the lips and gums concerning the lips and teeth instrument for holding lips during operation spasm of the lips, causing stuttering concerning lips, tongue, and pharynx fungal disease of the lips stoma-, stomatostomatodynia stomatogastric stomatognathic stomatalgia stomatitis stomatology stomatorrhagia stomatosis stomatomalacia stomatoplasty stomatomycosis stomatonecrosis stomatologist aphthous stomatitis mouth pain in the mouth concerning the stomach and mouth mouth and jaws together pain in the mouth inflammation of the mouth science of the mouth and teeth hemorrhage of the mouth or gums any disease of the mouth pathological softening of any mouth structure surgical repair of the mouth fungal disease of the mouth gangrenous ulcerative inflammation of the mouth specialist in mouth and teeth, and their diseases formation of tiny ulcers on the mucosa of the mouth gingiv/ogingivalgia gingivectomy gingivitis gingivoplasty gingivostomatitis gingivolabial gingivosis gums pain in the gums excision of diseased gum tissue inflammation of the gums surgical correction of the gingival margin inflammation of the gingival tissue and the mucosa concerning the gums and lips chronic gingivitis dentodentitis dentist dentimeter dentition teeth inflammation of dentin authorized practitioner of dentistry device for measuring teeth the development and cutting of teeth dontooligodontia tooth a hereditary developmental anomaly characterized by fewer teeth than normal a dentist who is an expert in orthodontia orthodontist Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 27 of 37 anodontia absence of teeth gastro-, gaster, -gasteromegalogastria microgastria gastroptosis gastromalacia gastrodynia gastralgia gastrectasis gastrectomy gastritis gastroenteritis gastroileitis gastric lavage nasogastric tube gastroscope gastroscopy gastroduodenitis stomach excessive size of the stomach unusual smallness of the stomach downward displacement of the stomach softening of the stomach walls pain in the stomach pain in the stomach dilatation of the stomach removal of all or part of the stomach inflammation of the stomach inflammation of the stomach and intestinal tract inflammation of the stomach and ileum washing out of the stomach a tube inserted into the nose that runs into the stomach an ulcer of the stomach surgical creation of a gastric fistula through the abdomen endoscope for examining the interior of the stomach examination of the stomach and abdominal cavity inflammation of the stomach and duodenum enteroenteralgia enterectasis enterectomy enterorrhaphy enterotomy small intestine neuralgia or pain in the intestines dilation of the small intestines excision of a portion of the intestine stitching of an intestinal wound incision or dissection of the intestine hepathepatalgia hepatodynia hepatectomy hepaticoduodenostomy liver pain in the liver pain in the liver removal of all or part of the liver making a duct between the hepatic duct and duodenum inflammation of the liver crushing of a biliary calculus in the hepatic duct study of the liver a specialist in the liver softening of the liver enlargement of the liver x-ray examination of the liver and spleen inflammation of both the liver and kidneys gastric ulcer gastrostomy hepatitis hepaticolithotripsy hepatology hepatologist hepatomalacia hepatomegaly hepatosplenomegaly hepatonephritis Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 28 of 37 hepatoscopy perihepatitis hepatotoxemia examination of the liver inflammation of the peritoneal covering of the liver autointoxication due to malfunction of the liver herniaherniorrhaphy hernioplasty protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it surgical procedure for repair of a hernia surgical operation for a hernia cholecystcholecystectomy cholecystenterorrhaphy cholecystitis cholecystolithiasis cholecystorrhaphy cholecystogram gallbladder excision of the gall bladder suture of the gall bladder to the intestinal wall inflammation of the gall bladder gallstones in the gall bladder suturing of the gall bladder a radiographic image of the gall bladder cholangi/ocholangiectasis cholangioenterostomy bile duct dilation of the bile ducts surgically produced connection of a bile duct and the intestine radiographic examination of the bile ducts incision of a bile duct for the removal of stones inflammation of the bile ducts a tumor of the bile ducts examination of the bile ducts cholangiography cholangiotomy cholangioitis cholangioma cholangiogram chol/echolelithotripsy cholelithotomy cholepathia cholepoiesis cholelithiasis acholia choledochocholedochectomy choledocholithiasis choledocholithotomy choledochoplasty choledochorrhaphy choledocholithotripsy gall, bile crushing of a biliary calculus removal of gallstones through surgical incision spasmodic contraction of the bile ducts formation of bile formation of calculi or bilestones in the gall bladder or common duct absence of or decrease in bile common bile duct excision of a portion of the common bile duct calculi in the common bile duct removal of a bile stone through incision in the common bile duct operation for repair of the common bile duct suturing of the severed ends of the common bile duct crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 29 of 37 an/oanoplasty anosigmoidoscopy anorectal anoscope antr/oantrectomy antroduodenectomy antrotomy antrotome antritis col/ocolonoscopy colectomy colostomy colorrhaphy colonorrhagia colonopathy colonalgia colocentesis coloenteritis coloptosis colorectitis coloproctitis colotomy cec/ocecorrhaphy cecectomy cecitis cecoileostomy anus plastic surgery of the anus direct visual examination of the anus, rectum, and colon pertaining to both the anus and rectum speculum for examining the anus and lower rectum relationship to an antrum (any nearly closed cavity or chamber, especially in a bone) excision of the walls of an antrum surgical removal of the pyloric antrum and upper portion of the duodenum cutting through an antral wall instrument used to perform an antrotomy inflammation of an antrum colon examination of the upper part of the rectum excision of all or part of the colon opening of any part of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside suture of the colon hemorrhage from the colon any disease of the colon pain in the colon surgical puncture of the colon to relieve distension inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon or small intestine a downward displacement of the colon inflammation of the colon and rectum colonic and rectal inflammation incision of the colon cecoptosis cecum suturing the cecum incision into the cecum inflammation of the cecum surgical formation of an anastomosis between the cecum and the ilium falling displacement of the cecum esophag/oesophagalgia esophagectomy esophagocele esophagus pain in the esophagus excision of a part of the esophagus hernia of the esophagus Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 30 of 37 esophagodynia esophagoenterostomy esophagogastroanastomosis esophagogastroplasty esophagoscope esophagoscopy esophagitis esophagotomy esophagomalacia esophagomycosis esophagoptosis esophagostenosis pain in the esophagus formation of a portal between the esophagus and the intestine after removal of the stomach joining the esophagus to the stomach plastic repair of the esophagus and stomach an endoscope for examination of the esophagus examination of the esophagus inflammation of the esophagus surgical incision into the esophagus softening of the esophageal walls bacterial or fungal disease of the esophagus relaxation and prolapse of the esophagus stricture or narrowing of the esophagus duoden/oduodenal ulcer duodenitis duodenorrhaphy duodenotomy duodenoscopy duodenectasis duodenectomy duodenum damaged mucous membrane inflammation of the duodenum suturing the duodenum an incision into the duodenum inspection of the duodenum with an endoscope chronic inflammation of the duodenum excision of part or all of the duodenum jejun/ojejunitis jejunoileitis jejunotomy jejunorrhaphy jejunectomy jejunojejunostomy jejunum (second portion of the small intestine) inflammation of the jejunum inflamed condition of the jejunum and ileum surgical incision into the jejunum surgical repair of the jejunum excision of some or all of the jejunum formation of a passage between two parts of the jejunum ile/oileostomy ileum (lower 60% of the small intestine) creation of a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum relating to the ileum and cecum inflammation of the ileum inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ileum and colon surgical repair of the ileum incision into the ileum use of a portion of the ileum to increase size of the bladder ileus ileocecal ileitis ileocolitis ileorrhaphy ileotomy ileocystoplasty paralytic ileus Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 31 of 37 proct/oproctoptosis proctoscopy proctologist proctology proctitis proctalgia proctoclysis proctodynia proctostenosis proctocele proctorrhaphy proctotomy proctosigmoidoscopy proctectasia proctoplegia proctoplasty proctorrhagia proctoscope anus, rectum prolapse of the anus and rectum instrumental inspection of the rectum one who specializes in the colon, rectum, and anus dealing with the treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus inflammation of the rectum and anus pain in the anus or rectum an infusion, drop by drop, into the rectum and colon pain in the anus or rectum stricture of the anus or rectum protrusion of the rectal mucosa into the vagina suturing of the rectum or anus incision of the rectum or anus visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon dilation of the anus or rectum paralysis of the anal sphincter plastic surgery of the anus or rectum bleeding from the anus or rectum instrument for inspection of the rectum rect/orectocele rectitis rectocolitis rectopexy rectostenosis rectotomy rectum protrusion or herniation of the posterior vaginal wall inflamed condition of the rectum inflamed condition of the rectum and colon fixation of the rectum by suturing to another part stricture of the rectum incision for a stricture of the rectum sigmoid/osigmoidoscope sigmoid colon tubular speculum for examination of the sigmoid colon use of a sigmoidoscope to examine the sigmoid colon incision of the sigmoid removal of all or part of the sigmoid flexure creation of artificial anus in the sigmoid flexure inflammation of the sigmoid colon fixation of the sigmoid to an abdominal incision sigmoidoscopy sigmoidotomy sigmoidectomy sigmoidostomy sigmoiditis sigmoidopexy cheil/ocheilorrhaphy cheilitis macrocheilia cheilotomy lips surgical repair of a cleft palate inflammation of the lip abnormal size of the lips characterized by swelling of the glands excision of part of a lip Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 32 of 37 cheilgnathopalatoschisis cheilophagia cheiloplasty cheilosis cheilostomatoplasty appendic/oappendicitis appendectomy appendalgia cleft in the hard and soft palate habit of biting one’s own lip plastic operation on the lips morbid condition of the lips with a reddened appearance plastic surgery and restoration of the mouth appendix inflammation of the appendix removal of all or part of the appendix pain in the lower right quadrant, in area of the appendix dilation of the vermiform appendix appendicectasis gloss/oglossorrhaphy glossitis glossolalia aglossia macroglossia ankyloglossia glossopyrosis glossoplegia glossoptosis glossology tongue suture of a wound of the tongue inflammation of the tongue repetition of senseless remarks not related to the subject or situation congenital absence of the tongue hypertrophied condition of the tongue abnormal shortness of the frenum of the tongue burning sensation of the tongue paralysis of the tongue dropping of the tongue out of normal position study of the tongue and its diseases lingu/osublingual linguopapillitis tongue or tongue-like structure under the tongue small ulcers of the papillae of the edge of the tongue lapar/olaparotomy laparorrhaphy laparocholecystotomy laparoenterostomy abdomen surgical opening of the abdomen suture of wounds into the abdominal wall incision into the gall bladder through abdominal wall formation of opening into the intestine through the abdominal wall abdominal incision into the stomach inflammation of the muscular portion of the abdominal wall endoscope designed for the visual examination of the peritoneal cavity examination of the peritoneal cavity using a laparoscope laparogastrotomy laparomyitis laparoscope laparoscopy Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 33 of 37 abdomin/oabdominoplasty abdominocentesis abdomen cosmetic surgery of the abdomen puncture of the abdomen for the withdrawal of fluids celi/ocelioenterotomy celiogastrotomy celiotomy belly, abdomen incision to gain access to the intestines incision, through the abdomen, into the stomach surgical incision into the abdominal cavity pylor/opyloroplasty pyloric stenosis pyloralgia pyloritis pyloromyotomy pylorospasm pylorus (lower orifice of the stomach, opening to the duodenum) operation to repair the pylorus narrowing of the pyloric orifice pain around the pylorus inflammation of the pylorus incision and suture of the pyloric sphincter spasmodic contractions of the pyloric sphincter uvul/ouvulitis uvulectomy uvuloptosis uvula inflammation of the uvulus removal of part or all of the uvula relaxed and pendulous condition of the palate palat/opalatitis palatoplasty palatoplegia palate inflammation of the palate surgical repair of the palate paralysis of the muscles of the soft palate peritone/operitoneal peritonitis peritonealgia peritoneum relating to the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity inflammation of the peritoneum pain of the peritoneum polyppolyposis polypotome polypectomy a tumor with a pedicle (many footed) the presence of numerous polyps instrument for the excision of polyps surgical removal of a polyp sialosialolith sialadenitis sialoadenotomy sialolithotomy sialaporia saliva a salivary concretion or calculus inflamed condition of a salivary gland incision of a salivary gland removal of a calculus from a salivary gland or duct deficient secretion of saliva Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. 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Page 34 of 37 sialitis sialorrhea sialostenosis inflammation of a salivary gland excessive flow of saliva closure of a salivary duct pancreatpancreatitis pancreatomy pancreas inflammation of the pancreas surgical incision into the pancreas related terms achalasia achylia adhesions aerophagia anastomosis anorexia apepsia aphagia ascites atresia bradyphagia bulimia cachexia cirrhosis crohn's disease diarrhea dysentery dyspepsia dysphagia emesis eructation feces gavage glucose hepatic portal system herpes simplex intussusception laxative lleukoplakia melena nasogastric failure to relax a muscle absence of chyle or other digestive juice a holding together or binding of two parts swallowing of air surgical or pathological connection of two tubular structures psychiatric condition involving self-deprivation of food, lack of appetite, and pathological weight loss cessation of digestion inability to swallow accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity congenital absence or closure of a normal opening abnormal slowness in eating a neurotic disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by vomiting or induced diarrhea a state of ill health, wasting, or malnutrition chronic disease of the liver an ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract medication encouraging the movement of feces painful, inflamed intestines painful digestion difficulty speaking vomiting producing gas from the stomach – belching solid wastes – stool feeding with a stomach tube simple sugar capillary networks of the intestines and liver which are connected via the portal vein cold sores, fever blisters – caused by a virus telescoping of the intestine – common in children medication encouraging the movement of feces white plaques or patches of mouth mucosa black stool – feces containing blood pertaining to the nose and stomach Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Page 35 of 37 nausea peptic ulcer polyphagia volvulus urge to vomit lesion on the wall of the stomach (peptic ulcer) eating abnormally large amounts of food at a meal twisting of the intestine upon itself Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Page 36 of 37 Pathway of food through the digestive tract Food ent ers ORAL CAVITY PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH PANCREAS LIVER Bile DUODENUM pancreatic juice GALLBLADDER JEJUNUM ILEUM CECUM ASCENDING COLON TRANSVERSE COLON DESCENDING COLON SIGNOID COLON RECTUM ANUS FECES LEAVES THE BODY Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. Page 37 of 37
